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Childhood - Coggle Diagram
Childhood
Toxic Childhood Rapid technological and cultural changes cause psychological and physical damage to children.
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Decline of listening, language and communication skills
Shortened attention spans.
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Tests, targets and education
Increases anxiety among children.
Evaluations
- Moral panic
- Rather children consumers than producers.
March of Progress View
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Work
1878 Factories Act banned employment of children under 10, as well as children must remain in education until they are 18.
Education
1880 Education Act made schooling compulsory.
Increase in school leaving age
Large governmental expenditure in standards and equality of education.
Legislation
Army service/ sexual consent = 16
Alochol restrictions = 18
Smacking in England is legal if ‘reasonable’
Social services established and developed
Rights
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
- To be heard
- To an education
Medicalisation of Birth and Childcare
Lower infant and maternal mortality
Regulation and funding by NHS
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Is Childhood Socially Constructed?
Childhood is not a natural biological state, rather it is a social role and the norms attached vary across societies.
Childhood can be biologically determined such as the end of puberty or socially determined such as when society says someone is an adult.
In modern Britain, society determines adulthood when an individual reaches the age of legal entitlement (18).
However, children do not just become adults, as there is a lengthy transition from childhood, throguh adolescence into adulthood, with f=gradual picking up of legal entitlements.
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Separation of Childhood and Adulthood
Not fixed across times, places and cultures.
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Children are dependent on adults for a range of biological and emotional needs (hence socialisation)
Children are not competent on running their own lives and cannot be held responsible for their own actions.
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Aries argued ‘mini adults’ as works of period art depicted children as ‘mini adults’- childhood is a recent invention.
Shorter argued that parental attitudes of previous times meant it was not worth separating the two due to high infant mortality rates.
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