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Lancs and Yorks - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hotspur's rebellion in 1403
      - Percies disliked Richard II - supported Henry IV - Hotspur rewarded - lots of power in Wales
      - However, Hotspur became dissatisfied:
      - Victories in Scotland - Henry didn't allow prisoners to be ransomed - however Hotspur didn't hand prisoners over - maybe Henry IV jealous of success
      - Financial disagreements - not paying Percies in time to protect from Scotland
      - Hotspur's wife Elizabeth Mortimer - aunt of Edmund Mortimer
      - Disliked wars in Wales - wanted to concentrate on Scotland
      - Refused to ransom Edmund Mortimer in Wales
      - Prince of Wales took away Hotspur's power
      - Some claimed Hotspur wanted to be king
      - 1403 - Hotspur rebelled - defeated at Shrewbury - Hotspur's body displayed
- - - - Army from 10,500-12,00 , mostly archers, some heavy guns from Dutch
        
        Placed Halfleur under seige - took longer than expected for a little town - French eventually surrended
        
        English suffered many losses - fighting, dysentry - Henry sent lots home and left garrison in Halfleur
        
        Henry led army to Calais - English stronghold
        
        Was a very difficult march because had to cross the Somme
        
        Large army protecting most obvious crossing - all bridges blocked - likely to be attacked in water
        
        Henry's army outmarched the French and they rebuilt broken crossing
        
        French spread out along the river so hard to attack the English
      - Battle of Agincourt 25 October
        
        Henry took central fighting position - inspiring leader
        
        High proportion of archers (80%) - French were many heavily armoured men-at-arms
        
        Most archers placed either side with stakes protecting then - horses ran into them and died
        
        French in 3 large divisions - narrow formation on narrow muddy ground meant tripping over eachother
        
        English shot arrows, provoked small charges of French - these charges failed because of stakes
        
        Main French charge unsuccessful - lots of arrows caused death and confusion - overcrowding in the line - difficult to move - couldn't retreat because cavalry behind them
        
        outcomes
        
        Henry gave order to kill prisoners - feared French attack from behind - contreversial because denied his men ransoms
        
        English suffered few losses - a few hundred
        
        French suffered lots - thousands - lots of noblemen (120 barons, 1500 knights)
        
        Battle became famous - gave Henry V very good reputation as a good king
        
        Chroniclers focused on 'underdog' nature of the story
        
        Henry used victory to show he was chosen by God
        
        Victory mainly because Henry's leadership and ability of men rather than luck
        
        significance
        
        Huge celebrations when king returned - everyone loved him
        
        Brought political stability - secured Lancastrian regime as chosen by God
        
        Reduced threat of French invasion
        
        Parliament more willing to give financial assistance - even before he had returned!