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SCIENTIFIC ACIEVEMENT ACROSS BORDER - Coggle Diagram
SCIENTIFIC ACIEVEMENT ACROSS BORDER
COSMOLOGY
KEY ISSUES
Position of Earth
Earth Elements
Solar System
DEVELOPMENT OF COSMOLOGY
Prehistory Cosmology
Human Understand Universe from what they see
Magic influence
Belief influence
Lunar Calendar
Mythical Cosmology
Study of star shape formation
Element of mysticism, divinity, belief at time
Mesopotamia
Divide day and night into 12
Introduce Lunar and Solar calendar
12 months, 30 days
5 special days, total 365 days
Ancient Egypt
Construct pyramid
Pyramid shape reflects how cloud and dust spread sunlight in vast space and form ladder to reach heaven
Greek
Influced by Plato and Pythagoras
All matter in universe has combination of Earth, Water, Fire, Air
These four elements arise from heat and dryness
Islam
Based on Quran and Hadith
7 layers of Heaven
Ibn Sina and al-Juzjani reject Ptolemy's theory which is earth is center of universe
Alhazen is the first astromoner observing the Milky Way's parallax
Europe
Scientist translate work of Plato, Ptolemy and Islamic Scholar
Begin to correct theory of universe
Nicholas Copernicus,Tycho,Kepler
DEVELOPMENT OF ASTRONOMIC SCIENCE
Enlightment/Modern
Newton clarified Kepler's theory
Law of Motion
Emerging Physics
Renaissance
Translation of old works from Greek
Ptolemy's Almagest
Aristotle's On the Heavens
Translating work of Ibn Haytam, At-Tusi
Europe
Middle age
Scientific learning is at a very low-level until renaissance
Islam
Translation of almagiest works by Ptolemy
Elements of divinity/religion
Qur'an as a guide to understanding nature
Ibn Al-Haytam
India / Persia
Astronomy moved to India/Percia
Combined with local astronomical method
Ancient Greek
Apply Geometry
Effort to measure distance of the Earth
Theory of spherical Earth
Ptolemy's Theorem
Hellenistic
Record Observation in the sky
Clay Tablet
Mesopotamia
Ancient Babylon
The emergence of astrology
Pre-History
Study on Sun and Moon
Human Admiration for Nature
ANCIENT MEDICINE
Mesopotamia
Oldest prescription 4000 years ago-
500 types of medicine and herbs produced
Ancient Persia
Record founf in book 'Zoroaster'
Ancient Egypt
Goto temple for healing and request God for healing
DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL FIELD
Greek and Persia
Influenced by Ezyptian and Babylonian medicine
Medical school in Persia existed to study medicine
Islam
Ibn Sina called as the father of medicine
His work 'The Canon of Medicine' is most popular book in the history of medicine
Europe
Charlemagne order all hospital to accompanied by cathedrals and monasteries
Scholar Medica Salernitana developed best medical schools there
Catholic Church establish universities to restore scientific studies
This attract Greek and Arab physician to study medicine
Modern
Begins with invention of Small Pox vaccine
Discovery of disease spread
Vesalius reject and refine some theories in the past
ANCIENT MATHEMATICS
Can be found in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India
Phytagoras Therorem
Mathematical activity in China spotted, Sea Island Guidebook and Nine Chapters on The Art of Mathematics
MATHEMATICS DURING ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE
Translate many Greek mathematical text
Introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals
Persian is important mathematician
Al-Khwarizmi is known as father of modren algebra and algorithms
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Numbering Theory
Indroduce Algebra
Introduce Geometry
MODERN MATHEMATICS
Development of mathematics is rapid and advanced
Research about Mathematical limitation
Paul Cohen proves inability of continuum hypothesis
Maths influenced art as fractal geometry