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07 THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC, image, image, image, image, image - Coggle…
07 THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
Proclamation and constitution
Second Spanish Republic was declared on 14 April 1931 and a new regime was established
provisional republican government undertook urgent reforms
established at the Pact of San Sebastián
an agreement to draw up a statute of autonomy in Cataluña
freedom of worship and secularisation measures
improvements in working conditions and the hiring of day labourers
modernisation of the army and total submission to civil power
clergy received the Republic with distrust
regime’s ideas harmed the Catholic Church
Elections to Cortes Constituyentes were called in order to draft the Constitution of 1931
Extensive declaration of rights and freedoms
Division of powers
Universal suffrage starting from the age of 23
Right of the regions to establish statutes of autonomy
Social rule of law
Separation between the Church and the state
Cortes selected
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora as the first president of the new Republic
Manuel Azaña as prime minister
The reformist biennium (1931-1933)
republicans and socialists formed a coalition government
under Prime Minister Manuel Azaña
most stable government of the Second Republic
undertook the main reforms set out in the Constitution
Education
Over 10,000 primary schools were built
Religion
separation between Church and state
Agricultural reform
Land was redistributed
Social reforms
intensive social legislation to improve
wages
social security
working conditions
Army
Guardia de Asalto was created
The Statute of Autonomy of Cataluña was approved
Manuel Azaña
one of the most important Spanish politicians of the Second Republic
After the fall of Alfonso XIII, he served as prime minister in two periods
1936–1939
1931–1933
When the Spanish Civil War ended, he went into exile in France
The black biennium (1933-1936)
rejection of the Azaña government’s reforms by broad conservative sectors of society led to
Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights (CEDA)
made up of Catholic groups which declared their sympathies with fascist model
anarchists’ demands did not cease
violent climate of opposition to the government developed
culminated in the Casas Viejas Incidents
discredited the government
discredited the government
Civil Guard and Guardia de Asalto brutally suppressed an anarchist uprising, killing many people
not only people involved, but also those suspected of involvement and their families
1933 elections were won by right-wing parties
Radical Party led by Alejandro Lerroux took power
CEDA had received most votes
its leader, José María Gil Robles, became the arbiter of the political situation
main objective was to reverse the reforms
José Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of the dictator Primo de Rivera, founded the Falange Española
a minority fascist party that began a violent campaign of aggression against workers’ organisations
In October Revolution of 1934, insurgents took towns and mining areas in Asturias.
In the rest of Spain, general strike failed because of lack of coordination
Catalan nationalists took advantage of the general strike to establish an autonomous federal government
Victory of the popular front(1936)
economic corruption meant the end of the right-wing government
elections were called in February 1936
conservatives tried to form a coalition
National Front
left changed its strategy
left changed its strategy
all factions tried to reach an agreement to achieve consensus
led to the constitution of the Popular Front
Popular Front won the elections
Manuel Azaña was appointed president of the Republic
reintrodued the reforms put in place between 1931 and 1933
Reintroduction of the Agricultural Reform
Restoration of Catalan autonomy
Amnesty for political prisoners
Strengthening the educational, social and religious reforms
