SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
PROCLAMATION AND CONSTITUTION
14 of April 1931 Secon Spanish Republic stablished
Inmediate Reforms
followed the Pact of San Sebastian
Improvements in working conditions
Freedome of worship and secularisation methods
Autonomy in Cataluña
Modernisation of the army and desvinculation from the civil power
The Church was not happy with these measures
they lost power
CONSTITUTION OF 1931
most liveral constitution ever seen in Europe
Social rule of law
Spain was proclaimed a Republic
Universal suffrage
from the age 23
women could vote for first time in 1933
Extensive declarations of rights and freedome
divorce
civil marriage
equal rights for all children
right for free non secular education
Division of powers
legislature
Cortes
executive
president
judicial
law corts
rights of the regions to become authonomus statutes
separation between the Church and state
president: Nieto Alcalá-Zamora prime minister: Azaña
THE REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931-1933)
coaliation of socialists and republicans
Statute of Autonomy of Cataluña
Approved in the 1932
the Generalitat was reestablished
procedures for authonomy also began in
had been abolished since 1714
Pais Vasco
Galicia
Army
military officers had to swear loyalty to the Republic
creation fo the Guardia de Asalto
Agricultural reforms
land was redistributed among peasants
Education
was seen as important to modernise the country
improve cultural levels
improve opportunities for the lower classes
many schools were created
increased the salary of teachers
Religion
stablished a secular society
civil marriage, divorce etc. were approved
Jesuits expelled from Spain
had not sweared loyalty to the Republic
Social Reforms
they were lost of polices to improve workers conditions
workers retirement insurance increased
insurance against accidents stablished
the right to strike
right to paid hollidays
MANUEL AZAÑA (1880-1940)
one of the most important politicians of the second Republic
served as prime minister twice
when the Civil War started he went into exile to France
THE BLACK BIENNIUM (1933-1936)
1933
creation of CEDA
Catholic groups+nationalists
Discontent and revolts of Anarchists culminated in
the Casa Vieja Incident (1933)
led to Azañas resignation
an anarchist uprising that was brutaly surpresed by Guardia de Asalto
they also shoot innocent people
1933 elections were called
right-wing parties won
Radical Party led by Alejandro Larroux
took power
CEDA also won elections
its leader became the arbitrer of the situation
ALL POLICED THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY APPROVED WERE ABOLISHED
right-wing party
the Falange Española
by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera
extreme right-wing
Octover Revolution 1934
workers, trade unions and socialists united
rovolt at the same time all trough Spain
strikes of workers occured
Cataluña proclaimed itself autonomus
did not succed, were brutally represed by
Guardia de Asalto
VICTORY OF THE POPULAR FRONT (1936)
due to economic corruption led to new ellections
coaliations
National Front
conservatives
Popular Front
alliance between republicans and socialists
the Popular Front won
Azaña was apointed president
reistaured the measured of the reformist biennium
Armesty for political prissioners
specially the ones of the strikes in 1934
Reintroduction of the agricultural reform
Restoration of autonomy in Cataluña
Strengthening education, social and religiour reforms
disorder and violence expanded trough Spain
the most extremist sections of society were not happy
Destruction o churches
anarchist
terrorist attacks on Basque and Catalan workers
Falange
Coup d'etat 1936
members of the PSOE were killed
Lievtenat Castillo
José Clavo Sotero
led to the Spanish Civil War
