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UNIT 5: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 5: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
experimental research?
quasi-experimental research
posttest-only
non-equivalent control group design is intact groups are used
pretes-posttest
non-equivalent control group design is aida in checking the extent of group similarity
experimental designs
pretest-posttest control group design
true experimental that test 2 groups before and after
solomon four-group design
combination of both posttest and pretest
posttest-only control group design
measure after experimental treatments
factorial design
involve 2 or more independent and factors in single design
repeated meaasure designs
measure the saame subjects more than once
threats to experimental validity (internal validity)
instrumentation
statistical
testing
differential selection of subjects
maturation
experimental mortality or differential
history
selection
criteria for a well-designed experiment
adequate information from the data
uncontaminated data
basis for comparison
no confounding of relevant variables
lack of artificiality
representativeness
adequate experimental control
parsimony
threats to experimental validity (external validity)
reaction effects
multiple-treatment interference
interact effects of selection
interact effect of testing
experimental validity
external validity
deal with extent of generalisability
internal validity
basic minimum, measurement, analysis and procedures
descriptive statistics?
preparing data for analysis
scoring procedures
tabulation of coding procedure
measures of variability
standard deviation- measure on how dispersed the data
variance- the amount of spread among score
range- diff the highest and the lowest score
skewed distribution- occur when 1 tail is longer than the other
measures of relative position
percentile ranks
standard scores
measures of central tendecy
median- midpoint
mean- measure that indicates how to spread out the score
mode- score attain by more subjects
measures of relationship
pearson r
spearman rho
major types of descriptive statistics
measure of
variability
relationship
central tendency
relative position
inferential statistics?
TWO-tailed & One-tailed
two-tailed- almost always two-tailed
one-tailed- diff occur in one direction
standard error
chances of any samples being exactly identical to its population are virtually nil
simple (one-way) ANOVA
analysis of variance determines whether there is a significant difference b/w 2 or more
multiple comparison post hoc test- determine which means are significant diff from other means
chi square
compares the proportions actually
appropriate for nominal data
T-test
determine whether 2 means are significantly different at a selected significance level
null hypothesis
no true difference/relationship b/w parameters in the populations
survey research
conducting a questionnaire study
prepare the cover letter
pretest the questionnaire
follow up activities
deal with non response
construct the questionnaire
select participants
state the problem
survey frequency
cross-sectional survey- collecting data from selected individuals in a single time period
longitudinal survey- collect 2 or more times to measure changes over time
constructing the interview guide
unstructured, semi structured, structured
collection of survey data
self-report instrument
observation
conducting an interview study
oral, in person administration of a questionnaire to each member
observational research
non-participant observation (natural and simulation)