Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION -…
06 SPAIN: THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII AND THE CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION
The regenerationist restoration
In 1902, Alfonso XIII came of age when he was 16 years old
marked the start of the second phase of the Restoration
politicians tried to reform the regime
was called regenerationism and aimed to encourage political, economic and cultural life in Spain
Institutional regenerationism was consolidated
Two governments undertook reforms to renew the political system and improve the living conditions of citizens
Antonio Maura’s conservative governments
José Canalejas’s liberal government
Spanish protectorate of Morocco was established in 1912
In 1910, the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) trade union was founded
In 1921, the PSOE split, leading to the creation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
The crisis of 1917
affected three main areas
Social crisis
workers’ trade unions, UGT and CNT called a general strike
Military crisis
Soldiers demanded higher wages
Political crisis
had worsened because the government had suspended the Cortes and constitutional rights
The Primo De Rivera dictatorship
In 1923, a dictatorship was established under General Primo de Rivera
was an authoritarian response to the political demands of some segments of society
society was reorganised following the model imposed by Mussolini
took power by launching a military coup d’état
took power by launching a military coup d’état
king accepted Primo de Rivera’s promises and appointed him prime minister
immediately suspended the Constitution, dissolved Parliament and banned political parties and trade unions
there were two types of government
The military directorate (1923–1925)
dictator was advised by the military
The civil directorate (1925–1930)
Parliament was replaced by a National Consultative Assembly
Society and the economy
In the first three decades of the 20th century, Spain continued with slow industrial and agricultural modernisation
economic policy during Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship followed the Italian fascist model
economic nationalism
state intervention
were huge social inequalities and an illiteracy rate of 65%
half of the rural population lived below the poverty line
working class had to endure terrible working conditions