Elimination of Data Redundancy

Consistent and Accurate Data

Improved Data Integrity

Efficient Data Sharing and Collaboration

Logical Data Independence

Physical Data Independence

Flexibility in Modifying Database Schema

User Authentication and Authorization

Fine-grained Access Control

Data Encryption and Auditing

Data Privacy Compliance

Concurrent Data Access by Multiple Users

Transaction Isolation and Consistency

Concurrency Control Mechanisms

Atomicity and Durability of Transactions

Entity Integrity (Primary Key Constraint)

Referential Integrity (Foreign Key Constraint)

Domain Constraints

Data Validation and Constraints Enforcement

Backup and Restore Operations

Point-in-Time Recovery

Transaction Logging and Rollback

Disaster Recovery Planning

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Declarative Query Language

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Query Optimization Techniques

Conceptual Data Models (ER Model, UML)

Logical Data Models (Relational Model)

Physical Data Models (Storage Structures, Indexing)

Data Abstraction for Simplified Data Access

Efficient Data Storage and Indexing Structures

Query Optimization and Performance Tuning

Horizontal and Vertical Data Scaling

Efficient Data Retrieval and Processing

Distributed Data Storage and Replication

Distributed Concurrency Control

Data Fragmentation and Allocation

Distributed Transaction Management

Data Mining and Analytics

Business Intelligence and Reporting

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Data Visualization and Insights Generation

Data Validation and Cleansing

Data Consistency Checks and Error Handling

Data Quality Monitoring and Improvement

Data Governance and Stewardship