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05 FASCISM, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
05 FASCISM
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2 ITALIAN FASCISM
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In 1921, Benito Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party and established himself as its leader or chief, called Il Duce
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In 1922, the Blackshirts undertook the March on Rome
In the face of Mussolini’s promises and threats, King Victor Emmanuel III entrusted him with the formation of a new government
After he took power, Mussolini dismantled democratic institutions to exercise increasing ideological, political and social control
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The state proceeded to control politics, the economy, social organisations and the media
At the same time, persecution of opponents and political repression began
The crisis of 1929 affected Italy, causing production to fall and increasing unemployment
The response of the fascist state was a policy of public works and, beyond its frontiers, the beginning of imperialist expansion in Abyssinia
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The propaganda apparatus spread an image of Italy as a great power, prepared for a future world confrontation
3 NAZISM
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With no possibility of any party winning by majority, in 1933, the president of the republic, Hindenburg, appointed Hitler as prime minister
In 1934, Hitler established a new order, the Third Reich, and became the president, chancellor, and commander of the army
By the end of the 1930s, the country’s economic growth was ending, but it was able to expand its empire
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Founded in 1936, the Gestapo operated as a political police force with full powers to repress opponents of Nazism and groups considered ‘inferior’ or ‘weak’
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