Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

The Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Synovial Joints
        
        Hinge
        
        Flexion & Extension E.g Elbow (Humerus-ulna) , Knee and fingers
        
        Pivot
        
        Rotation E.g Atlas & Axis (C1-2)
        
        Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)
        
        Flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction E.g carpels, radius, ulna
        
        Saddle
        
        Flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction E.g thumb
        
        Ball and Socket Joint
        
        Flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction. E.g hips and shoulder
        
        Gliding Joint
        
        Facilitates a slight gliding movement on a single plane. E.g Metacarpals
  - - - Ligaments: Fibrous straps through which bones are attached are attached to bones at the joints, Help prevent dislocation.
      - Synovial Membrane: Membrane that lines the outside of the joint and encloses the synovial fluid
      - Synovial Fluid: It is located within the joint capsule. Absorbs shock and reduces friction, acts as lubricant for joints.
      - Cartilage: Hard, rubbery substance. Prevents bones from rubbing together.
      - Tendons: Touch elastic chords of tissue that attach muscle to bone, Strengthen the joint.
  - - - Clavicle (collar bone)
      - Scapula (shoulder blade)
      - Humerus
      - Radius
      - Ulna
      - Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
      - Pelvic Girdle
      - Femur (thighbone)
      - Patella (kneecap)
      - Tibia or shinbone
      - Fibula
      - Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
    - - Flexion Decrease in the angle of the joint Bending the elbow or knee
      - Extension Increase in the angle of the joint Straightening the elbow or knee
      - Abduction Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body Lifting arm out to side (out phase of star jump)
      - Adduction Movement of a body part back towards the midline of the body Returning arm into body or towards midline of the body c04uf001d
      - Circumduction Movement of the end of the bone in a circular motion Drawing a circle in the air with straight arm c04uf001e
      - Rotation Movement of a body part around a central axis Turning head from side to side c04uf001f
      - Pronation Rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves in towards the body Palm facing down c04uf001g
      - Supination Rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves away from the body Palm facing up c04uf001h
      - Eversion Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline Twisting ankle out c04uf001i
      - Inversion Movement of the sole of the foot towards the midline Twisting ankle in c04uf001j
      - Dorsi flexion Decrease in the angle of the joint between the foot and lower leg Raising toes upwards c04uf001k
      - Plantar flexion Increase in the angle of the joint between the foot and the lower leg Pointing toes to the ground c04uf001l
      - Elevation Movement of the shoulders towards the head Shrugging shoulders c04uf001m
      - Depression Movement of the shoulders away from the head Returning shoulders to normal position
  - - - Superior
        
        Towards the top.
        
        Inferior
        
        Away from the top
        
        Anterior
        
        Towards the front.
        
        Posterior
        
        Towards the back.
        
        Lateral
        
        Away from the middle.
        
        Medial
        
        Towards the middle.
        
        Proximal
        
        Close to
        
        Distal
        
        Away from
        
        Supine
        
        Anatomical position: Lying Facing up
        
        Prone
        
        Anatomical position:Lying Facing down
  - - - cCmprised of the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis.