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neurospychology of memory - Coggle Diagram
neurospychology of memory
encoding
storage
retrieval
utilizes stored information
impaired retrieval example: visual object agnosia
behaviour on recognition of smell or tactile is fine but can't retrieve visual information about object
creates and maintains permanent record of information encoded
acquisition: registers input
consolidation: creates a stronger representation over time
memory tests
short term
verbal memory
digit span test
have to list number sequence after presented, each time, extra number is added
those with amnesia get to 5 or 6
spatial memory
corsi block test
point to blocks in sequence after shown, new block gets added each round
long term
declarative memory
ask about historical events and personal information
procedural
ability to learn new tasks like swimming, tying shoes etc
amnesia
retrograde amnesia: memory loss for things prior
anterograde amnesia: loss of ability to make new memories
short term and long term problems
PATIENT NA
fencing foil passed through right nostril damaging left of brain. after right frontal craniotomy was performed, additional brain damage was gained
intact short term
intact long term procedural
impaired long term declarative
anterograde
retrograde of about 2 years
NA tells us neural substrates underlying short term memory are different to long term
hard to tell with NA which regions caused his damage impairment due to his large area of damage
PATIENT HM
underwent procedure to remove his medial temporal lobes bilaterally in attempt to control his epileptic seizures
seizures improved but got bad memory problems (personality + general intelligence were normal
symptoms
immediate recall was fine but after 5 minutes, no memory
ability to learn new tasks in tact despite lacking memory of it
unable to learn new facts or recall new experiences
normal recall of events experienced several years before surgery
intact short term
intact long term procedural
impaired long term declarative
retrograde of few years
anterograde
damage was restricted to medial temporal lobes showing a direct association between his deficits and medial temporal lobes
PATIENT EE
problems with number processing
post second seizure neuroimaging revealed a tumor in the region of left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe
had surgery to remove tumor and resulted in short term memory problems
had some language impairment but would have had more if right handed
performance on memory tests
digit span:impaired
impaired short term restricted to verbal material
impaired STM next to intact LTM is extremely rare
he tells us that not only are STM and LTM mechanics different but so to are short term spatial and short term verbal
corsi block span: normal
long term: normal (intact long term verbal)
posterior cerebral artery provides blood flow to hippocampus