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Case studies - Coggle Diagram

- - - - During revolution, middle classes settled as law and banking developed
        
        Growth and development to jewellery, brass, button and gun industries
        
        The Cadbury family and Lloyds and Midlands banks settled and had headquarters
        
        1900-1950s Austin car plant as engineering services expanded
        
        Dunlop tyre company employed 10,000 people
        
        Large areas of terraced housing
        
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  - - - Government built 400 tower blocks between 1950-1960
        
        By 1970 over 81,000 new dwelling constructed
        
        National government involved in recreating green belt zone to restrict outward expansion
    - - Recent regeneration
        
        GOVERNMENT
        
        National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham International Airports
        
        £235 million secured from EU as a fund
        
        Improve social housing
        
        FLAGSHIP DEV
        
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      - 2011, 53% White British, 13% Pakistani, 6% Indian and 4.4% Caribbean
        
        38% 24 or younger - youthful pop
- - - - 13th century cross-channel trading links
        
        1840s tourism
        
        1861 railway - time-space compression and shellfish industry to be developed
        
        Dormitory settlement for Exeter
        
        2011 census, 55% population 16-64 and 16.6 persons per hectare pop density
        
        98.9% white - homogenous
        
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  - - - 16th century small scale industry
        
        Water power from dammed stream
        
        Ceramics factory during industrial revolution
        
        Flour milling and brewery development
        
        Greenfield site for property developers - middle class
        
        Demands for space 19th century - cheap and poorly constructed housing resulting in epidemics of typhoid and cholera
        
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- - - - Wealthiest 10% hold 30% of entire country's wealth whilst poorest 10% have access to 3%
        
        Jembatan Besi slum is home to 31,000 people crammed into 0.5km
        
        Population include both families who have been there for generations as well as temporary migrant workers
    - - Average income: US$4/day through unskilled/causal labour
        
        Some sell second-hand goods which are salvaged from waste tips and so requires very little start-up capital
        
        Garment industry does not adequately protect its workers
        
        Sanitation = massive problem due to underdeveloped toilets in slum and groundwater supplies are consequently polluted
        
        Epidemics of cholera and typhoid and air pollution is very high due to the reliance on kerosene for cooking with rice being the main food source
        
        Schools are poorly equipped and children are seen as labour for families
      - Housing conditions
        
        Original slums well built with brick and timber but the additional ones built are of poorer quality and so fires are a constant risk due to overcrowding
        
        Electric lighting used by neon tubes and bare light bulbs
        
        Future?
        
        Authorities trying to better plan but is non-existent in most slums and slum clearance dislocates many families
        
        392 'community units' planned to improve by agency
        
        Strong sense of community nevertheless
    - - Socioeconomic status
        
        Median income: US$113,000/year
        
        University of California is a big employer and offers many opportunities
        
        Several TNC's such as Kia Motors and Toshiba
        
        Air pollution relatively low and healthcare is excellent
        
        Crime rate 67% lower than national average
        
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        Housing conditions
        
        Eucalyptus trees line roads
        
        91% owner-occupiers
        
        Household size = 2.8 persons
        
        Future?
        
        Ranked 'best place to live' due to reputation for high-paid employment and high-quality housing, transport, infrastructure and education
        
        Mediterranean style climate - beach appeal
      - Edge city
        
        City developed as a apart of several communities called 'villages'
        
        Nearly 1/2 of the 18,000 households are families with children