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Case studies - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Population = 30 million
        
        Capital = Sanaa
        
        Services: 70%
        
        First in the State Fragility Index and 177/193th among UN states with a HDI of 0.463
  - - - Intervention by Saudi-led coalition could be viewed as a challenge to the sovereignty. Coalition made airstrikes against Houthi in an attempt to restore previous government.
        
        Separatist anti-Houthi groups seek independence for South Yemen however this ended recently due to an agreement made with government
        
        Reports of terrorist activity by Al-Qaeda on Shia mosques in Sanaa
  - - - Fatalities due to conflict: 18,000
        
        80% of population require humanitarian assistance
        
        Malnutrition threatens 2 million lives
        
        Large cholera outbreak
        
        5 million children with no access to education
    - - Infrastructure
        
        North of Yemen - Lack of cooperation between Houthi and aid agencies has meant that people do not have access to medicine = undernutrition
        
        Marib - attacks on hospitals, limiting the service
        
        Al Hudayah (the entry port for aid) - attacked by Saudi-led government and so impeded delivery of aid
- - - - Capital, Bamako has most economic activity
        
        Gold, cotton and agricultural exports generate income
        
        Country largely depends on aid and remittances
  - - - The Tuareg group declares independence for Azawad, an area in NE Mali
        
        The ethnic division between Mali and the Tuareg was not accounted for when the boundaries were drawn by European colonial powers
        
        Azawad has been neglected by current government and the most recent military coup in 2012 was a result of this failure to protect citizens
      - Terrorism
        
        Rapid growth of groups linked to Al-Qaeda and Islamic State which have led to attacks on UN forces
        
        Trafficking of people and contraband between Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso has led to threatened security
        
        Schools targeted which reduces access to education and increases vulnerability to sex exploitation
  - - - UNCHR, UNICEF, OCHA
        
        ECOWAS: mediation
        
        5100 French troops
        
        The Sahel Alliance launched in 2017
        
        NGO's like Oxfam
    - - Advantages
        
        Preserving sovereignty and territorial integrity
        
        Strengthen governance of mining sector
        
        Accelerating infrastructural projects like electrification
        
        Improving health facilities
        
        Diversifying Mali's industry to reduce vulnerability to commodity price fluctuations
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Mali is still one of the poorest nations
        
        Deep rooted linguistic and cultural divisions between ethnic groups
        
        Urban-rural inequalities
        
        Inability to protect citizens rights; especially women and girls
        
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- - - - Population of 15 million in 2020
        
        Country relies on agriculture which has been destroyed during conflict, putting many lives at risk
        
        4 million people dislocated
        
        7 million requiring assistance; most being women and girls who are subject to trafficking
        
        96% of exports are crude oil and so not much versatility in production flow
        
        82% population living below poverty line (US$1.90/day)
        
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  - - - In 2013, civil war began along ethnic lines and intervention was necessary due the government's failure to protect its citizens
        
        The government did not want tocooperate with NGOs
        
        Power-sharing agreement was reached but there are still UN reports of looting, mismanagement of spending, pillaging and conflict
      - NGO's
        
        Around 400 members of the South Sudan NGO forum who are keen to help but their work is hindered by attacks on aid workers
        
        CONSEQUENCES
        
        Aid agencies have positioned essential supplies during the dry season, solving food insecurities
        
        Villagers trained under WFP to maintain livestock health to improve food security
        
        UNICEF helped children reunite with families and return them to school
        
        Women supported with antenatal and childbirth care
        
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