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Intelligence Helath and Wellbeing - Coggle Diagram
Intelligence Helath and Wellbeing
What is Intelligence
latent construct defined as
ability to carry out abstract thinking (terman, 1916)
being able to use what one knows (calvin, 1923)
what intelligence tests measure and the results are meaningful (boring, 1923)
global concept involving individuals ability to act purposefully, act rationally and deal effectively (wechsler, 1953)
general ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly and learn from experience (gottfredson, 2000)
IQ
original measure was a (mental age / chronological age) x 100
raw intelligence is ready at 17 so original measure not good for those older than that
wechsler (1975)
standardised score showing deviation from average score
scores normally with an SD of 15
intelligence test items
digit span
letter number sequencing
proverb test
trail making
pattern completion
general (G) intelligence (spearman)
scores on mutiple tests correlated with each other and linked under common G factor
as G reflects common intelligence it shouldn't matter what test is used as it will reflect G howev er, we know from individual differences that multiple tests are needed
hierarchy of intelligence
G
verbal ability
vocab reading
synonyms
working memory
digit span
letter-number sequencing
visual-spatial reasoning
box-folding
hidden figures
processing speed
reaction time
trail making
being strong in one of the broad domains will be reflected in the task the p's are good at
Cognitive Epidemiology
examination of cognition/IQ as a correlate of health and mortality (deary & batty, 2007)
reverse causation = poor health can influence IQ
confounding effects e.g. childhood SES influences health and IQ
scottish birth cohort studies
found 4 cohorts
lothian birth cohorts 1921 & 1936
aberdeen birth cohorts 1921 & 1936
moray house test
71 items including arithmeticc, following directions, proverbs, analogies, reasoning etc
scores correlate with ravens matricies and stanford binet
valid measure of age 10/11 IQ
whalley and deary (2001)
traced survivors of ABC 1921 cohort
controlled for childhood SES (overcrowding and fathers occupation)
significant correlation between age 11 IQ and age of death
graph results
for women tha % alive relationship was apparent at early 20s
for men there was some cross over and then the typical pattern re-emerged, could be explained due to the world wars happening
other cohort studies
swedish conscripts study
49,500 men took IQ test within military service age 18 in 1969/70
nun study
linguistic measures from autobiographies of 180 nuns written in 1930 aged 22
danish metropolit study
11,300 12yr old boys in copenhagen given classroom IQ test in 1965 in social mobility study
Underlying Mechanisms
causal mechanisms (deary, 2008)
1
IQ
education
employment prospects
adult SES status
adjusting for adlt SES reduces IQ longevity association
2
IQ
health literacy and health behaviours
increased engagement in health behaviours
3
suboptimal neural development
IQ
psychiatric burden
low IQ is associated with psychiatric disorders but controlling for birthweight does not eliminated IQ-longevity links
4
body system integrity
IQ
health problems
bodily symmetry associated with IQ
intelligence and happiness (ali et al., 2013)
measured happiness and verbal IQ with NART
measured potential mediating variables that may account for relationship
results
high IQ predicted likelihood of being happy
relationship mediated by
dependency in activities of daily living
income
neurotic symptoms
self-reported health
marital status