Mood
Mood and Emotion
conceptual separation
folk psychology perspective = members with no knownedge should be able to distinguish between these two concepts as we are experts through experience
comparison with academic literature
common distinctions
anatomy
related to the mind
experience
emotion is felt
mood is thought
related to the heart
physiology
E = distinct physiological patterns
M = no distinct physiological pattern
cause
E = caused by specific event/object
M = less well defined cause
awareness of cause
E = individual is aware
M = individual may be unaware
intentionality
E = about something
M = not about anything particular
clarity
E = clearly defined
M = diffuse/nebulous
control
E = not controllable
M = controllable
disp;ay
E = displayed
M = not displayed
Structure of Mood
mood traits
dispositions of mood
reflect capacity and tendency to experience mood states
mood is moderately stable overtime (costa et al., 1987)
characteristic patterns of variability of mood states e.g. some p's have extreme highs and lows whereas some are more stable (mcconville & cooper, 1992)
structure of mood (watson & tellegen, 1985)
reviewed previous FA studies of mood adjective ratings
found 2 at least partly orthogonal dimensions
positive affect
high = active, elated, excited
low = drowsy, sleepy, sluggish
negative affect
high = distressed, fearful, nervous
low = calm placid, relaxed
co-occurrence of positive and negative mood (larsen et al., 2001)
looked at happiness and sadness
189 p's recorded emotional state before and after watching tragic comedy
evidence of co-activation labelled as bittersweetness
similar feelings to graduating or moving out of a dorm
conrad et al. (2019) found p's that listen to songs on repeat reflect bittersweetness (this is called extreme relistening)
3 dimensional model of mood (mattew et al., 1990)
FA responses to 48 item UMACL
dimensions
tense arousal ranges from anxious to calm (negative affect)
energetic arousal ranging from active to sleepy (positive affect)
hedonic tone ranges from pleased/happy to low spirited/sad
tense and energetic arousal closely related to arousal scales whereas hedonic tone only has modest association with arousal scales
diener (2000) describes happiness as positive affect - negative affect
The Assessment of Mood
measures of mood
retrospective
most common method
rely on p's to reflect back to a previous point in time and remember mood
can range from day, week, month or years
biases
current mood
most extreme mood
mood at the end
beliefs, stereotypes and expectations of mood patterns
contemporaneous
collected at the time of the experience
benefits
limitations
accurate snapshot of mood state
free of memory related cognitive biases
temportal precision
single snapshot only
uses mobile technology which may interfere with daily activities which biases mood
doesn't explain memories of mood
cultural mood stereotypes (areni & burger, 2008)
202 p's all in full time employment
p's beliefs about mood was influenced by the stereotype of a working week
best mood = friday evening and saturday mornings
worst mood = moday morning and evening
predictive validity of remembered mood
asked p's to record contemporaneous mood assessment days 1-7 then on day 8 record retrosepctive mood assessment for the week
little evidence that mood stereotypes reflected real moods
for mondays: mood stereotypes were a better predictor of remembered mood than actual moods were
p's beliefs about mood were a better predictor than their actual mood
effects of current mood (schwartz & clore, 1983)
telephone interview with p's on sunny or rainy days
weather influenced p's global life happiness
peak end theory
redelmeier & kahneman, 1996
demonstrated duration neglect
p's don't account the length of the procedure
focus instead on the overall pain or pain at the end
p's retrospective ratings were strongly influenced by peak and end experience
chajut et al. (2014)
324 pregnant women recruited on entering a delivery department
contemporaneous pain reports every 20mins till birth
retrospective pain ratings at 2 days or months later
found average of peak and end pain ratings were strong predictors of remembered pain rating than actual average levels of pain experiences
ganzach and yaor (2019)
asymmetries in recall of positive and negative events
negative influenced by more peak experiences
positive influenced more by end experiences