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UNIT 2 - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 2
EARTH
Athenosphere
The asthenosphere is a part of the Earth's upper mantle that lies just beneath the lithosphere. It is a relatively soft and weak layer of partially molten rock material that exhibits plasticity and can flow slowly over long periods of time.
mantle
The mantle is a layer of the Earth that lies between the crust and the core. It is the largest layer by volume and makes up about 84% of the Earth's total volume. The mantle extends from the base of the crust, which varies in depth from about 5 to 70
core
The core is the innermost layer of the Earth, located beneath the mantle. It is primarily composed of iron and nickel, with smaller amounts of other elements. The core is divided into two main regions: the outer core and the inner core.
crust
The crust of the Earth is the outermost layer of the planet, located above the mantle and core. It is the thinnest of the Earth's layers and is divided into two main types: the continental crust and the oceanic crust
continetal drift
Continental drift is the theory that suggests that the Earth's continents were once part of a single supercontinent and have since moved apart over geological time. The concept of continental drift was proposed by German scientist Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century, but it took several decades for it to be widely accepted
tectonic plates
In plate tectonics, Earth's outermost layer, or lithosphere—made up of the crust and upper mantle—is broken into large rocky plates. These plates lie on top of a partially molten layer of rock called the asthenosphere
convergent boundaries
Convergent boundary: A convergent boundary occurs where two tectonic plates collide or move towards each other. Convergent boundaries can be of three types, depending on the type of plates involved
divergent boundaries
Divergent boundary: A divergent boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement creates a gap between the plates, leading to the upwelling of molten material from the asthenosphere.
transform boundaries
Transform boundary: A transform boundary occurs where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, neither creating nor destroying crust.
Climate
greenhouse gasses
The greenhouse effect is a natural process in which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, resulting in a warming effect on the planet's surface.
greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is a natural process in which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, resulting in a warming effect on the planet's surface.
evaporation
The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor) and rises into the atmosphere from bodies of water, plants, and the soil.
condensation
The process in which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds in the atmosphere.
global warming
Human activities increase greenhouse gases, trapping heat, raising temperatures, and causing global warming.
weather
Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a specific place at a particular time. It includes factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure.
percipation
The release of condensed water from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, which falls back to the Earth's surface.
the water cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement and recycling of water on Earth
carbon oxygen cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement and recycling of water on Earth
ATMOSPHERE
troposhere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to an average height of about 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles). It is the layer where weather occurs and where most of Earth's atmospheric processes take place
stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located just above the troposphere. It extends from the tropopause, which is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, to an altitude of approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the Earth's surface
exosphere
The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the top of the thermosphere to the edge of space. It is the highest region of the atmosphere and merges with the vacuum of outer space. Here are some key characteristics of the exosphere
mesospehere
The mesosphere is the third layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends from the stratopause, the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere, to an altitude of approximately 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the Earth's surface
thermospehere
The thermosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere located above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. It is one of the layers that make up the Earth's atmosphere, along with the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.
rocks/ volcanoes
Active volacno
The term "active volcano" refers to a volcano that is currently exhibiting or has shown signs of volcanic activity within a relatively recent period of time. It means that the volcano has erupted or has the potential to erupt in the future.
dormant volcano
dormant volcano, also known as a quiescent volcano, is a volcano that is currently not erupting but has the potential to erupt in the future.
magma
Magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and dissolved minerals that exists beneath the Earth's surface
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extinct volacno
An extinct volcano, also known as a dead volcano, is a volcano that is highly unlikely to erupt again in the future. These volcanoes have been inactive for an extended period
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