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paper 3 - schizophrenia , treatments - Coggle Diagram
paper 3 - schizophrenia
classification
no typical case, multiple symptoms. dam - pyschosis as the sufferer has no concept of reality, illness due to a breakdown of patients personality. 1% of pop
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genetic explanations
inheritance
runs in families - family studies, twin studies, adoption studies
gottesman - meta analysis on 40 family studies of schizophrenia. 48% cr when MZ twin has it, 17% dz and 6 % parent
adoption study - Heston. compare 47 studies of children of s mothers who adopted in 1 month vs 50 in same home. 0 control group 17% of sm did
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evaluate
cannot be the only factor because it is not 100% concordance rate, interactionist
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neural explanations
dopamine hypothesis
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evaluate
led to successful drug therapy for example clozapine, dopamine abnormalities are not present in all, chicken and egg, leucht212 meta analysis - antipsych drugs more effective than placebo
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cognitive explaantions
firth
attention deficit theory
due to faulty attention system, unable to filter preconscious thoughts and gives too much significance to info that would be filtered
interactionist
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meehls model
no amount of stress alone causes s, must have a genetic vulnerabiltiy
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treatments
drug therapy
typical drugs.
given as a first resort to patients. block dopamine receptors and help reduce high levels of dopamine in the brain. reduce +ive symptoms, max dosage Is 1000mg but typical is 400-800. chloromazine
atypical drugs
clozapine
introduced as a second resort if a patient is not responding to typical drugs, clozapine was stopped in 1970s due to people dying of blood conditions but remarked in 1980s, only given to those at high risk of suicide
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family therapy
reduce EE between family members, increase positive forms of communication, increase tolerance levels, decrease feelings of guilt, reduce the stress of care
method: multiple sessions in which the mediator emphasises the need for openness and honesty among family members. provides members with information about S.
evaluate
can reopen tensions and EE, pharaoh meta analysis of 53 studies, increased compliance with drugs and reduce relapse, costs ffective, save £1004 over 3 years
token economy
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evaluate
reinforcement stops when out of hospital, ethics (withhold food), patients become more independent and active, reduce self and staff violence
cbt
help to make sense of how delusions and hallucinations impact feelings and behaviour. understand where symptoms come from
evaluate
recover greater degree than drugs alone, effective for those not responding to drugs, expensive 1 in 10 offered, not suitable for all