Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Long-term weaknesses of Liberal Italy - Coggle Diagram
Long-term weaknesses of Liberal Italy
Political
WWI and divisions helped Mussolini raise power, and to his Fascist party in 1922.
Mussolini's policy
Versailles Settlement.
Foreign policy humiliation.
1870 - 1923: Liberalism and democracy.
Fascist dictadorship.
Government base on democracy and liberalism.
Law gives rights and freedom to election.
Political divisions between north and south.
Divisions caused liberalism and anti-clerical policies.
Working-class protests
1892: Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was funded.
Liberalism before WWI was full of corruption and only represented middle-upper class needs.
Politicians wanted to fight protests with force and banning parties as PSI.
Prime minister Giovanni Giolitti from 1903-1914, wanted electoral and welfare reforms.
War was imperialist, left parties ejected working with liberal parliament parties.
After WWI, there was PSI and Catholic Party.
Reasons of Alliance
1914: Europe divided in Triple Entente, and Triple Alliance.
Italy had been a member of the Triple Alliance with
Germany and Austria-Hungary since 1882.
Tight wing wanted Entente, as it block Britain, France and Russia, established in 1907.
Salandra, favoured this action and signed the
Treaty of London with Britain, France and Russia in April 1915.
Supported by both Nationalists and
Futurists
Mussolini was expelled from the PSI, and from his
editorship of its newspaper, Avanti!
Ecomic
Mussolini's policy
Limited economic resources.
Economic divisions between north and south.
North industrialized was wealthy, while south suffered poverty.
Working-class protests
To end protest politicians closed trade unions.
Giolitti's policía created recession.
Economic problems were component by Italian-Turkish war: 1911-12.
Social
Unified state in 1861.
1870: society divided across geographical, religious and social lines.
Mussolini's policy
Fascist ideology.
Nationalist views.
Individual rights protect by law.
Lack of national identity
Regionalism strong, so Italians remained loyal to home towns and cities.
Peasants in south lived in poverty, while north was industrialized.
Catholic Church
Breakdown relation between State and Church, continue to divide.
In 1914, Vatican urged catholics no to vote.
Working-class protests
Middle and upper class dominated by political system.
Franchise (the vote) was limited to wealthy elites until 1930.
The represent of needs of only middle-upper class caused peasants and working-class unrest to strike in 1914.
Working-class movements grown from lated 19th.
Prime minister Giovanni Giolitti from 1903-1914, wanted to win support of masses, work with moderate socialists, and gain rapprochement with Church, allowing religious education.
Nationalist opposition
Filipo Marineti establish Futurist Movement.
Glorified war, criticized liberalism.
Italian Nationalist Party founded in 1910.
Humiliated by Abyssinians as were defeated on Battle of Adowa.
Reasons of Alliance
Left; PSI was against intervention (as it was and "imperialist war"), others supported it (believe would destroy liberalism).
Liberals saw that Italy had little to gain from entering the war, while the Church did not relish a war against a fellow Catholic state, Austria .
Impacts of war
Battle of Caporetto in October 1917, Italians suffered huge losses when they were pushed back by Austrians and Germans.
In October of 1918 Italy win at Battle of Vittorio Veneto against Austrians.
Territorial
Rome and Papal States joined new Italian Kingdom in 1870.
Mussolini's policy
Italy's geographical position.
Capital was Rome.
Working-class protests
Giolitti's seize Libya from Turkey.
Nationalist opposition
Minor gains in Africa, with Eritea (1885), and Somaliland (1889).
Failed conquer Abyssinia (1896).
Reasons of Alliance
Entente can provide the Italian-speaking territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.