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Cognitive Explanation for Depression: Beck (1967) - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Explanation for Depression: Beck (1967)
Cognitive Triad
The view of
Ones self
Ones future
Ones personal world
Suggests people become trapped in a cycle of irrational thinking that is maintained by cognitive bias and negative self schemas
Theory developed from dissatisfaction from the stimulus-response idea as individuals respond differently to the same stimulus
Evaluation
✓ Krantz and Hammen (1979)
Depressed people respond pessimistically to problematic situations
✓ Roth and Rehm (1980)
Found that depressed patients perceive and recall more negative than positive information
X Damasio (2000)
Argues emotional processing occurs before cognitive as emotional reactions to stimuli are nonconscious and occur before concious perception
X Ignores situational factors
(Life events or family issues) places the blame on the client, meaning treatment only focuses on clients thinking and not changing lifestyle
In 1987 Beck identified 2 dysfunctional beliefs that put people at risk of getting depression
Autonomous Individual
Self worth is based on achievement
Sociotrope
Self worth is based on the approval of others
Claims
Depressed people have unrealistic negative thoughts
Cognition preceds an emotional response (the disorder is caused by (in part) cognitive processes)
People adopt negative schemas in their head (from childhood and adolescence) that result in the interpretation and organisation in the brain
Cognitive Biases of Depressed Individual
Selective Thinking
Focusing on the negative and ignoring the positive aspects or events
Overgeneralisation
Drawing negative conclusions based on a single incident
Arbitrary Inferences
Drawing negative conclusions without sufficient evidence
Magnification and Minimisation
Small negative events are magnified and significant positive events are minimised