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Ocean Physics - Coggle Diagram
Ocean Physics
Surface circulation
Benjamin Franklin - 1770 - Gulf stream - drew first illusration - if boats went on there they would be much faster
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Coriolis force deflects moving flow to the right in NH and left in SH - gyres are created as a response to this and wind and friction
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Where water at two gyres is deflected towards eachother due to these forces , water goes downwards , creating downwelling zones
At the equator , there is divergence of currents where winds blow apart - causes upwelling - also at subpolar gyre
Air- sea gas exchange
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Air - sea gas exchange is a function of temperature , wind and the difference in gas pressure between atmosphere and ocean
if the pressure is higher in the atmosphere , flux goes into the ocean
Atmosphere : Nitrogen - 78% , Oxygen 20.9% , Aargon 0.9%
Concentration of oxygen is highest at higher latitudes and lower at the equator - opposite to sea surface temp
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Carbon dioxide leaves the ocean at the equator - especially pacific but also in some high latitude areas - due to circulation
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Wen CO2 penetrates the ocean , carbonate chemistry reactions occur-
CO2 penetrates surface and rects with water to keep one hydrogen ion to from bicarbonate which reacts with water for carbonate ion
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•2.2.GtC per gear is being dissolved in ocean - the ocean has taken up 118/9 Gtc – 48% of the total fossil fuel and cement manufacturing emissions
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Salinity and density
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In general surface temperature and salinity correlate - slight drop in salinity at equator due to higher precipitation
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Brine rejection - in polar and subpolar regions , sea water turns intro ice - concentrates salt - cold salty water sink s- due to this as it sinks sea water around it freezes - as it touches the sea floor it can kil living organisms with contact by freezing
Composition
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Deep water formation sites are found in antarctica and Atlantic - water then moves r Indian and pacific oceans where it eventually warms and rises to the surface
Mixing
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North Pacific = upwelling , North Atlantic = downwelling