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witches thematic - Coggle Diagram

- - - - battle between carnaval and lent
  - - - skimmingtons
      - charivaris
      - foolish maiden of the year festival in the netherlands
  - - - languedoc - french not occitan
      - scotland - english rather than gaelic
      - wales - english rather than welsh
    - - church reform e.g. Isabella I of Spain forcing Galician nuns to live together in a single convent in order to stop absenteeism - stopped them interacting with laity
      - henr viii attacked monestaries following the english reformation
      - demand for a learned clergy (university of alcala) meant priests were more likely to be from wealthy families
    - - lords began to eat in seperate dining rooms, rather than with their servants
      - post-renaissance people were more self-controlled and self-concious
      - court dancing became different to country dancing
        
        some dances such as the spanish sarabande seen as immoral
    - - imitated the habits of the nobility in order to improve their social standing
    - - greater distinction between university educated doctors and local healers/ wise women
      - mercurino's popular errors in medicine
- - - - urban areas reluctant to commit e.g. nuremberg
        
        v expensive - £50 in total to keep witches in ipswich
        
        high taxation
        
        disruption to social order/ hierarchy
      - spread from rural to urban
        
        courts and prisons in urban areas
      - mostly rural
        
        most of the population lived in rural areas
        
        urbanisation linked to decline - population of london tripled from 1600 to 1700
        
        less anonymity
        
        tensions/divisions more obvious
  - - - john junius, bergermeister accused - high ranking officials
  - - - often if rulers wanted religious uniformity it was easier to openly target religious groups e,g, expulsion of jews from spain 1492
      - ferdinand, prince-elector of cologne was a religious fanatic
      - von dernbach of fulda saw it as his christian duty to hunt witches
      - forner of bamberg - claimed that after an exorcism, a demon had told him that calvinists wre allies of the devil
  - - - had previously been accused of crimes such as prostitution but nothing serious
  - - - wise women - healing/ creating potions was one of their only economic opportunities but this led to witch hunting as they were held responsible if the cure didn't work
    - - resentments formed over a long time period
    - - example: lady mary phips and margaret thatcher in Salem
- - - - less fear of the accued seeking revenge
  - - - cautio criminais 1632 by von langenfeld
  - - - 22% conviction rate in the home circuit assizes
    - - appeal court at parlement of paris - only 22% of cases confirmed
    - - dismissed the accusations at the dalarna hunt after the accusers admitted their accusations wwere false
- - - - end of wat
      - franche comte moves to be undr control of parlement of paris
    - - new standards of evidence
      - restrictions on torture
      - decriminalisation
  - - - italian wars 1500-1520
      - civil war 1645-7
      - 30 years was 1618-48
      - king philips and king williams war in salem
    - - inflation
      - poor harvests
        
        rise in food prices
        
        little ice age
      - population growth
        
        population of germany rose by 50% from 1600-1650
        
        artificially low in beggining of the early modern period due to plague killing 1/3 of the population
    - - statebuilding
    - - some hunts motivated by religion BUT not always
        
        often if rulers wanted religious uniformity it was easier to openly target religious groups e,g, expulsion of jews from spain 1492
        
        ferdinand, prince-elector of cologne was a religious fanatic
        
        von dernbach of fulda saw it as his christian duty to hunt witches
        
        forner of bamberg - claimed that after an exorcism, a demon had told him that calvinists wre allies of the devil