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Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Injuries
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Treatment
Immobilization
-cast or traction for healing
-depends on break severity, bone broken, and age of patient
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Healing
Stages of Bone Repair
Bony callus forms
New trabeculae appear in fibrocartilaginous callus, callus converted to bony callus of spongy bone, bony callus formation cont for 2 months until firm union forms
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Bone remodeling occurs
Ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
After a fracture, begins during bony callus formation and continues for months, compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls, final structure resembles original bone
Types of bones:
Long bones: longer than wide, limb bones
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Short bones: Cube-shaped bones (wrist and ankle), sesamoid bones, vary in size
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Flat bones: thin, flat, slightly curved, (sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones)
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Disorders
Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficient calcium; results in bowed legs and other bone deformities because ends are enlarged and abnormally long
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Osteomalacia: Bones are poorly mineralized, Osteoid is produced, but calcium salts are not adequately deposited, results in soft, weak bones, pain upon bearing weight
Paget's disease: Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption cause bone to grow fast and develop poorly
Cartilage
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Hyaline
Function: provide support, flexibility, and resilience; collagen fibers only, most abundant type
Location: Articular (joints), costal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip)
Articular cartilage: consists of hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones; prevents crushing of bone ends
Bone Remodeling
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Begins during bony callus formation and continues for months, compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls, final structure resembles original bone
Ossification:
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Intramembranous: occurs primarily in the skull, process of membrane into bone
Structure
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Cellular components
Chondrocyte: responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissues within joints.
Osteocytes: mature bone cells in lacunae, monitor/maintain matrix, act as stress and strain sensors
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Axial Skeleton: long axis of body, skull, vertebral column, rib cage
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Resorption: the process of removing or digesting old bone tissue, done by osteoclasts
Occurs where bone is injured or added strength is needed; New bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts
Interstitial Growth: Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding and forming new within cartilage