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Nervous System, Motor (efferent) division - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
Neurons
Levels of Neural Integration in sensory systems
Structure
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body (soma)
Axon terminal
Function
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Subsystem
Sympathetic NS
Responsible for fight or flight
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for activities and emergencies; aka thoracolumbar division
Parasympathetic NS
Counterbalances Sympathetic, brings all systems back to normal; rest and digest
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that promotes maintenance functions, and generally conserves energy (bodily resources); aka craniosacral division
Major transmitters: Acetylcholine and Noepinephrine
Somatic Subsystem
Structure
made up of nerves that connect to skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles
Efferent (CNS to muscle fibers) Motor Neurons
Afferent (nerves to CNS) Sensory Neurons
Function: Responsible for carrying motor and sensory info, nearly all VOLUNTARY muscle movements, and processes external stimuli (hearing, touch, sight)
Sensory (afferent) Division
Sensory receptors by stimulus type
mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors
exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors
Functions of NS
Coordinates all body activity
Enables body to adapt and respond to internal/external changes
sensory input, integration, motor output
Central Nervous System
Structures
Brain (inside cranium)
Segments
Diencephalon
Location: Between cerebrum and midbrain
Sections
Thalamus
Function: acts as a relay station and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Function: Controls and regulates Autonomic NS functions such as temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation; also plays a role in emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, pain, and affection
Epithalamus: Most dorsal portion of diencephalon; forms roof of third ventricle; contains pineal gland (sleep-wake cycle)
Midbrain
Location: Below cerebrum
Function: Responsible for eye and auditory reflexes
Cerebellum
Location: Below cerebrum, above 1st cervical of the neck
Function: Responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone
Processes input from cortex, brain stem, and sensory receptors to provide precise, coordinated movements of skeletal muscles; balance and coordination; plays role in thinking, language and emotion
Pons
Location: below midbrain, in brainstem
Function: Responsible for certain reflex actions like chewing, taste and saliva production
Cerebrum (largest)
Lobes
Temporal
Function: processing auditory info from ears
Occipital
Function: Processing visual information from the eyes
Parietal
Function: Integrating sensory information
Frontal
Location:
Function: Responsible for reasoning and thought
Primary (somatic) motor cortex:
Helps plan movements
Staging area for skilled motor activities
Controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills
Coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions
Controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback
Hemispheres
Left
Right
Ventricles
2 Lateral (in each hemisphere) separated by Septum Pellucidum
Third
found in center of Diencephalon
connected by Intraventricular Foramen
Fourth
Found in hindbrain (pons)
Connected by cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral Cortex: outer region of cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells ; gray matter; executive suite of the brain; site of conscious mind awareness; 40% of brain mass
3 functional areas
Sensory
Association
Motor
Medulla Oblongata aka "Center for Respiration"
Location: bottom of the brainstem, connects to the spinal chord
Function: regulates heart and BV function, digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, BP
External Characteristics
Fissures
Sulci: grooves
Gyri: rounded up edge of fissure
Longitudinal Fissure: separates left and right
Transverse Fissure: separates cerebrum and cerebellum
Central sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes
Parieto-occipital sulcus: separates parietal and occipital
Lateral sulcus: separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes
Spinal Chord
Functions
Acts as the link between the brain and nerves in rest of body
Structure
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical
Spinal Nerves (both join to form peripheral nerves)
Afferent
Carries info from body to brain
Efferent
Carries info from brain to body
Matter in CNS
Gray Matter
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies
White Matter
myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
In cerebrum
Consists of myelinated fibers bundled into large tracts
responsible for for communication between cerebral areas between cortex and lower CNS
Classification based on direction they run: Association, Commissural, Projection Fibers
CSF
Plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around brain and spinal chord
The master controlling and communicating system of the body; cells communicate via electrical and chemical signals; rapid, specific, immediate responses
Neural Pathway
Motor (efferent) division