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Neurology - Coggle Diagram
Neurology
Nervous system structures
Cerebral cortex
Spinal cord
Spinal cord syndromes
Brainstem
Cranial nerves
Auditory System
Vestibular system
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic system
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Ventricles and sinuses
Other Neurology Topics
Meningitis
Seizures
Neuroembryology
Delirium and Dementia
Demyelinating Disease
Headaches
Brain Tumors
Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Movement disorders
The Eye
The Pupil
The Lens
The Retina
Eye Movements
Visual Fields
Gaze Palsies
Structural Eye Disorders
Glaucoma
Introduction to neurology
Cells of Nervous system
Nervous System Cells
Neurons
Neuron structures
Neuron action Potential
Clinical Relevance
Local anesthetics
Lidocaine
Benzocaine
Tetracaine
Cocaine
Neurotoxins
Tetrodotoxin (pufferfish)
Key facts
Glial Cells
Macroglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependyma
Microglia
Gliosis
Proliferation/hypertrophy of glial cells
Reaction to CNS inury
Astrocytes undergo major changes
Glioma
Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma
Myeline
CNS
PNS
Types of Nerve
Classification by diameter, myelin
A-alpha
A-delta
C fibers
Nerve endings
Free-nerve endings
Meissner's Corpuscles
Pacinian Corpuscles
Merkel's disks
Nerve damage
Peripheral Nerve damage
Moderate:
Axonotmesis
:
Severe:
Neurotmesis
Mild:
Neurapraxia
Central Nerve damage
~ 4-5 mins
12-24 hrs
24-48 hrs
Days to weeks
UMN and LMN damage
UMN damage
Cortex, Internal capsule, Corticospinal tract
Pyramidal Signs
Spastic paralysis (stiff, rigid muscles)
Hyperreflexia
Muscle overactive
Clasp knife spasticity: passive movement (initial resistance, sudden release)
LMN damage
Brainstem, spinal cord (anterior horn)
Lower motor damage
Flaccid paralysis
Fasciculation (spontaneous contractions / twitches)
Loss of reflexes
Bulbar Muscles
Supply by CN
CN5
CN7
CN9
CN10
CN11
CN12
Bulbar palsy
Cranial nerve damage
LMN signs
Absent jaw/gag reflex
Tongue flaccid/wasted
Pseudobulbar palsy
Corticobulbar tract damage
UMN signs
Exaggerated gag reflex
Tongue spastic (no wasting)
Spastic dysarthria
Blood brain barrier
BBB
CVO
Area postrema
OVLT
Subfornical Organs (SFO)
Median Eminence of Hypothalamus
Other Brain Areas without BBB
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Vasogenic (cerebral) edema
Neurotransmitters
Dermatomes and Reflexes
Neurovascular Disorders
Cerebral and Lacunar strokes
Vertebrobasilar Stroke syndromes
CNS Aneurysms
Intracranial Bleeding
Management of TIA/Stroke
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
ANS Drugs: Norepinephrine
ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine
Autonomic Receptors
Anesthesia
General Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Neuromuscular Blockers