Metabolic challenges bolster brain health:
Intermittent metabolic switching --> ketones, synaptic activity --> trophic factors --> transcription factors --> mitochondrial adaptations, neurotransmitter pathways, synaptic plasticity, reduced inflammation, DNA repair proteins --> healthy brain ageing
Metabolic complacency --> insulin resistance, synaptic dysfunction --> trophic deprivation --> disengagement of adaptive stress signalling pathways --> mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, neutron death --> brain dysfunction and disease