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Gene Expression (chapter 12) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 3 Stages of Translation
        
        Initiation
        
        Elongation
        
        Termination
        
        release factor binds to stop codon at A site
        
        polypeptide and tRNA are released
        
        1 more item...
        
        tRNA entry
        
        Peptidyl transfer
        reaction
        
        bond between polypeptide chain and amino acid; polypeptide transfers to A site
        
        Translocation of ribosome & release of tRNA
        
        3 more items...
        
        charged tRNA
        binds to the A site
        
        assembly of mRNA, the first tRNA, ribosomal subunits
        
        help of ribosomal initiation factors
        
        requires energy (GTP hydrolysis)
        
        mRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit
        
        by ribosomal-binding sequence
        
        Initiator tRNA binds to start codon in mRNA
        
        Large ribosomal
        subunit bind
    - - mRNA specifies amino acid sequence
        
        synthesis of specific polypeptide on ribosome using mRNA template
      - Initation - recognition step
        
        Elongation
        
        Termination
        
        RNA polymerase reaches termination sequence
        
        RNA transcript dissociate from DNA
        
        sigma factor is released
        
        RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA
        
        using template or non-coding strand
        
        Uracil in mRNA instead of thymine
        
        synthesis of RNA transcript - 5’ to 3’ direction
        
        DNA template strand reading - 3’ to 5’ direction
        
        sigma factor
        
        RNA polymerase recognition
        
        promoter region
        
        DNA strands separate
        to form open complex
        
        structural gene divided into introns & exons
        
        1 more item...
        
        3 forms of RNA polymerase
        
        Eukaryotic Transcription
        
        RNA polymerase I - transcribes rRNA
        
        RNA polymerase II – transcribes mRNA
        
        6 transcription factors: TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH
        
        RNA polymerase III – transcribes tRNA
        
        Prokaryotic Transcription
        
        3 Stages of Transcription
      - OVERVIEW
    - - non-encoding polypeptide genes
        
        RNA is their final product
        
        Non-structural RNAs
        
        transfer RNAs (tRNAs)
        
        ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)
        
        Regulatory RNAs.
      - genetic material / blueprint
      - structural genes - encode polypeptides
        
        proteins determine structure & function