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utilitarianism - Coggle Diagram
utilitarianism
strengths
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pleasure based - all experience pleasure + pain better than reason based morality - not all can reason
parfait - links kantian ethics + utilitarianism - reason leads us the know that moral judgements can be false
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rule utilitarianism
we should follow rules that will produce the greatest happiness - rules formed to benefit + uphold society
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weak rule utilitarianism (JSM supports) - more autonomy to individual - rules should be adhered to but there's a willing to modify them
jeremy bentham
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animal rights - ability to suffer over reason (counters kant + descartes) - moral consideration shouldn't be based on reason
supported by Peter Singer - although they can't articulate their preferences we can assume what they would desire
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the hedonic calculus
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based on: duration, intensity, propinquity (how soon), extent, certainty, purity, fecundity (further pleasure/ pain?)
developed the principle of utility - we should do whatever leads to the greatest balance of good over evil
criticisms
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too morally demanding - ignores our kinship altruism (nature has developed into human reasoning to expand our ethical concern to wider consequences of our actions)
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act utilitarianism
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crisicisms
sadistic guard example - pleasure from torturing the inmate would be acceptable under utilitarianism
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