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Accident Causation Theories - Coggle Diagram

- - - - turn data into useful information
      - determine specifically how system weaknesses interacted with those actors and acts to cause the accident.
    - - "separation of an intellectual or substantial whole into its parts for individual study."
      - main event: the accident
        "parts": the individual events
      - determine if and how it contributed to the accident
      - makes assumptions: why accidents happen.
    - - Single Event Theory
        
        An accident is thought to be the result of a single, one-time easily identifiable, unusual, unexpected occurrence that results in injury or illness.
        
        Example: a worker cuts her hand on a sharp edge of a work surface. The cause of the accident was her lack of concentration
        
        will not produce quality investigation reports that result in long-term corrective actions.
      - The Domino Theory
        
        An accident as a series of related occurrences which lead to a final event that results in injury or illness.
        
        chain reaction
        
        Accidents prevented by eliminating any one of those actions or events
        
        Will ignores important underlying system weaknesses or root causes for accidents.
      - Multiple Cause Theory
        
        They are the result of a series of random related or unrelated
        acts/events that somehow interact to cause the accident.
        
        eliminating one of the events does not assure prevention of future accidents. Many factors may have contributed to accident.
        
        Address the underlying system weaknesses
    - - Determine the sequence of events in the accident process to effectively analyze the accident process.
      - determine related
        
        Hazardous conditions
        
        Things and states that directly caused the accident.
        
        Unsafe behaviors
        
        Actions taken/not taken that contributed to the accident.
        
        System weaknesses
        
        Underlying inadequate or missing programs, plans, policies, processes, and procedures that contributed to the accident.
  - - - Actor
        
        An individual or object that directly influenced the flow of the sequence of events.
      - Action
        
        Something that is done by an actor
- - - - reflects the difficulties in providing logical and rationale explanations as to actually why certain events, people, equipment interacted to generate a usually predictable negative outcome
      - analyzing the fundamental and developmental predecessors to accidental events
    - - Risk; the chance of injury, damage or loss relative to the failure potential and the consequences of injuries
      - Hazard; unsafe conditions that have the potential for an activity, a situation or circumstances to produce harmful effects
- - - - Ancestry and Social Environment
      - Fault of Person
      - Unsafe acts
      - Accident
      - Injury
    - - identify intervention points, if acted on, will yield a different outcome, a more favorable outcome such as no accident
  - - - 4M
        
        Man
        
        Media
        
        Machine
        
        Management
      - 3E
        
        Engineering
        
        Education
        
        Enforcement
    - - Hazard control begins with hazard recognition
      - hazard control process
        
        Hazard recognition
        
        Define and select preventative measures
        
        Authorization
        
        Appropriation
        
        Assign responsibility for implementation of the selected control technique
  - - - Overload
      - Inappropriate Response
      - Inappropriate Activities
  - - - focuses on the prevention of allowing energy to stores up in an uncontrolled way
    - - reducing the amount needed and/or providing vent release mechanisms (prevent the marshalling of energy)
      - install control methods that modify the release rate which can be accomplished with the use of space (distance) and time
      - eg: a fixed barrier guard separates space by not allowing workers or machinery to reach a point of operation
- - - - Principle of Multiple Causes
      - the point of failure and point of control are not necessarily the same
      - multivariable nature of incident causation