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Inheritance (Chapter 16) - Coggle Diagram
Inheritance (Chapter 16)
Mendel's Three Important Ideas
Dominant & Recessive Traits
Dominant variant show in hybrids
Huntington Disease
Recessive variant masked by dominant
Cystic Fibrosis
Genes & Alleles
Genes - unit factors
Two genes for a character
Alleles - variant forms of genes
Segregation of Alleles
F2 traits follow 3:1 ratio
2 copies of gene separate so each carry 1 allele
Techniques to identify traits
Cross Fertilization / Hybridization experiment
Punnett Square
Genotype
1:2:1 ratio (TT, Tt, tt)
genetic composition
Phenotype
2:1 ratio (TT & Tt, tt)
physical or behavioral characteristics
Environmental factors
norm of reaction
consumption affects growth (ex. Phenylketonuria (PKU) disease)
Single-Factor Monohybrid Cross
P generation - true breed parents
cross- fertilization
F1 generation - monohybrids
self-fertilization
F2 generation - recessive trait reappers
Two-Factor / Dihybrid Cross
linked assortment
independent assortment
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Chromosomes contain
genetic material (DNA)
Chromosomes replicate and pass from
parent to offspring
Diploids have 2 chromosome sets
Chromosome pair separates into two daughter cells (meiosis)
Mendel's Law of segregation - pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes
Gametes are haploids that transmit 1 set of chromosomes
Different Inheritance Patterns
Simple Mendelian Inheritance
Dominant or Recessive Alleles
Phenotype ratios of Mendel's Laws
Complex Inheritance Forms
Incomplete dominance - no dominant allele
Codominance - equal allele expression
Genetics & Probability
Probability – chance of an outcome
Product rule - keyword: and
Sum rule - keyword: or
Sample size - number of events observed
accuracy dependent (high sample size = high accuracy)
random sampling error - deviation between
observed and expected outcome