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Stalin and Communism Russia - Coggle Diagram
Stalin and Communism Russia
What it is and its features
Communists believe in the overthrow of factory owners and landowners. They wanted to abolish private property. They favour instead, state control of industry and agriculture.
Gulags, One party dictatorship, Government ownership and control of industry and agriculture, Cult of personality, Propoganda, Control of press, radio, TV and cinema, Police state, showtrials and executions
What was the cult of personality
Stalin tried to make the Russian people worship him as aleader, He often portrayed himself as a cheerful, fatherly and popular man.
Statues, pictures and paintings of him were placed prominently all over Russia from government offices to factories to schools to humble homes, Successes of Russia were also attributed to Russia
Purges, Show Trials and Gulags
Gulag -If any1 went against the regime they would be sent to so work. Harsh conditions, First set up by Lenin then Stalin expanded. 2m ppl died as they were either overworked or froze to death (Serbia)
Show Trials- Men would have to admit to crimes and sign confessions to crimes they may not have done and then be jailerd or executed for them. Great Show Trial 1938, 21 leaders were tried and 18 were executed while 3 were sent to gulags
Purges- Ppl lived in an atmosphere of fear and suspicion. Ppl were encouraged to inform on 1 anotherand no evidence was needed for persecution. Mass executions were carried out, victims were buried in mass graves. 20m russians died
5 year plans
First 1 was called for rapid industrialization within the economy, with an emphasis on heavy industry. 50 yrs behind other advanced countries
How did affect ppls lives- GOSPLAN set targets for all industries, Each region had set targets for factories, mines, Each manager had set targets for foremen and workers
Consequences- 2nd largest industrial country. New industrialised cities, Gulags' slaves created dams (electricity), Pop. grew to 29m in 10 yrs. No emploment. Poor living standards
Collectivisation
Took over farmland and set up huge state run farms called collectives, Its aim was to increase mechanisation and food supply
Peasants kept enough food for themselves and sold the rest to state. Could not own land or sell food privately, Had fixed hours and wages, State provided homes, fuel, food etc
Resistance- Kulaks resisted, As a result, food production went down, Stalin sent soldiers to reinforce, Land was taken from Kulaks and millions were sent to gulags
Health and Education
Free, Hospitals were built and doctors were trained (70% female), Stalin wanted all children to be educated, Literacy was poor when he took over, By 1950 almost all those over 8 and under 50 could read and write, Propoganda in education was common, Youth groups taught communism through sports and camps
Life for Women
Worked in many jobs i.e engineering. 50% of workers were women. Creches and kindergardens, Child allowances for married couples, Family life was encouraged, Mothers were honoured as heroines
Life During WW2
Entered in 1941 when Germany attacked, Germany moved through Russia but harsh winter slowed them. Germans advanced to the main cities i.e Moscow, Stalingrad and Leningrad (1942)