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David Hume, Criticising Causality and the role of Habit, Imagination and…
David Hume
Hummes aim was to bring the scientific method in the study of nature
The teories philosopher made at the time were completely hypothetical
philosophers thought of things based on what they know from the past
There is no observation
Criticising Causality and the role of Habit
connection between present facts and what we infer from them
If the connection is established by reason, it must concern relations of ideas or matters of fact
If causal inferences don’t involve a priori reasoning about relations of ideas, they must concern matters of fact and experience.
what are the impressions we get from this experience?
as first ball a is moving, then ball b moves
for now, there has been a connection between the two balls
the movement of ball B only happens when the balls are close in time, the two balls hit
Imagination and Principle of Association
for Hume imagination is what enables us to establish relations between ideas
This principle acts according to three major criterias:
Contiguity in time and place
by thinking about a room of a house leads our mind to think about the other rooms as well
Causality
thinking about a wound makes you immediately think about the pain that comes from it
Resemblance
when we are shown a painting, we immediately think about the original, as they look alike
two different kinds of human knowledge:
knowledge regarding relations among ideas
nowledge is discoverable independently of experience by “the mere operation of thought”
Matter-of-fact knowledge
knowledge that is based on experience and the principle of causality
Account of the Mind: Impression and Ideas
2 types of perception
Impressions (perceptions that are current and at their maximum level of force and vivacity)
Ideas (faint image of impressions)