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Membrane Structu\re - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Passive diffusion: without transport protein
      - Facilitated diffusion: with the aid of a transport protein
  - - - Transmembrane gradient
      - Ion electrochemical
        gradient
    - - Hypertonic: Solute concentration is higher on one side of the membrane
      - Hypotonic: Solute concentration is lower on one side of the membrane
      - Isotonic: Equal concentrations on ether side of the membrane
    - - Water diffuses through a membrane e from an
        area with more water to an area with less
        water.
        
        Osmosis in animal cells
        
        Crenation: shrinkage
        of a cell in a hypertonic
        solution
        
        Osmotic Lysis: – swelling and
        bursting of a cell in a
        hypotonic solution
        
        Osmosis in plant cells
        
        Plasmolysis: – plants wilting
        because water leaves plant
        cells
        
        Turgor pressure: pushes plasma membrane
        against cell wall
- - - - Hydrophobic (water-fearing) region faces in
      - Hydrophilic (water-loving) region faces out
  - - - Transmembrane proteins:
        -physically embedded in the hydrophobic
        portion of the phospholipid bilayer
      - Lipid-anchored proteins:
        An amino acid of the protein is covalently attached to a lipid
- - - - Uniporter: Single molecule
      - Symporter: Two or more molecule in the same direction
      - Antiporter: Two or more molecule in opposite directions
  - - - Primary active transport: Directly uses energy to transport solute
      - Uses a pre-existing gradient to drive transport
- - - - Receptor-mediated endocytosis
      - Pinocytosis
      - Phagocytosis
- - - - From the ER membrane proteins can be
        transferred via vesicles to other membranes
        of the cell
    - - Glycolipid:– carbohydrate to lipid
      - Glycoprotein: carbohydrate to protein