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deliquency - Coggle Diagram
deliquency
boys
Messerschmidt- gangs act as a location for 'doing masculinity' which has to be accomplished and proved
Campbell- denying men legitimate masculine status through academic success and breadwinner role- expressing masculinity in deviant ways
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Faludi- deviancy is an expression of the qualities we admire in males as a society: toughness, strength and bravery
MARXISTS- focus on hegemonic masculinity places all deviant behaviour on the working class rather than the 'symbolic violence' committed by powerful, older males and their ideological dominance
class
decker and van winkle- 'pushes and pulls'. pushes into deviancy: poverty, social, economic and cultural factors. pulls: status/ prestige, excitement, money making opportunities
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white- gangs tend to be linked to underclass conditions of poverty and exclusion, gangs provide a sense of inclusion and security
anti school
'macho lads' who value the 3fs 'fucking, fighting and football'- hypermasculinity- bully academic achievers
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anti education attitude links to bad boy image, 'hyper heterosexuality', reading and academic achievement, 'soft'
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girls
Involvement of women in gangs- girls in gang use social skills to carve out a role. 'fixers' - hiding weapons and drugs and getting information. however never placed in leader position. sexual violence used against young women to 'keep them in line'.
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Heidensohn- females are less criminal due to high levels of social control placed upon them. 'double deviance'
ethnicity
'anguish of growing up poor'- bourgois- makes deviancy a rational response- latino drug dealers in NYC
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'paradox of inclusion'- nightingale. black youth wish to be part of mainstream society, desire for success, 'american dream' however due to poverty and lack of status, crime is the only rational response