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THE IMPACT OF WW2, AND GOVT POLICY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON IMMIGRATION,…
THE IMPACT OF WW2, AND GOVT POLICY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON IMMIGRATION, 1941-80
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WW2 - POSITIVE EFFECTS
The war facilitated assimilation, which decreased resentment for immigrants.
During WW2, the govt/media promoted national unity.
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WW2 led to a considerable number of immigrants entering the US. Between 1945 and 48, Truman allowed 41000 persons displaced by war into the US.
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1960s
The National Origins formula was gradually eroded after WW2:
1961- JFK allowed 14,000 more Chinese into the USA.
1965 Immigration and Nationality Act:
- Formally abolished the National origins formula and other provisions that discriminated against Asians/Africans.
- It set a limit of 20,000 immigrants per country.
- Emphasised family reunification over job qualifications.
Consequences of 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act:
- Dramatically increased the number of immigrants and proportion of the foreign-born population.
- Greatly changed the ethnic composition of America's immigrants: the percentage of immigrants that were European decreased hugely, immigrants and from Asia/Middle-east rose.
1970s
Impact of the 1965 Act in the 1970s:
- Had a revolutionary impact.
- The Act had established a new pattern.
- Now about half of immigrants came from Latin America, one third from Asia, and also growing numbers of African immigrants. The proportion of immigrants that were European decreased during this period.
- This greater diversity of immigrants generated debate and social tension.
- During the economic crisis of the 70s, some Americans argued that immigrants took jobs and some were 'un-American'.
VIETNAM WAR:
- After Vietnam fell to communism in 1975, anti-communist refugees flooded out of Indo-China
- Congress responded with a couple refugee acts in 1975 and 80 that helped settle the refugees and provided for their admission into the USA.
- 1975-79: 400,000 Indochinese entered America.