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ALL TOPICSBIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
      - BACTERIA
    - - Complex, multicellular organisms with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
      - Plant Cells
        
        Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and have a rigid cell wall
      - Animal Cells
        
        Lack chloroplasts and have a flexible cell membrane
    - - Cell Energy
        
        Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration
      - Cell Replication
        
        Cells divide through processes like mitosis and meiosis to create new cells
      - Cell Transport
        
        Movement of substances in and out of the cell through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
      - Cell Tissues
        
        Groups of specialized cells that perform specific functions in the body
        
        Examples: Muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue
      - Cell Membrane
        
        Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell
        
        Regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell
      - Unicellular Organisms
        
        Entire organism consists of a single cell
        
        Perform all necessary life functions within that single cell
  - - - Characteristics
        
        Movement
        
        Reproduction
        
        Sensitivity
        
        Growth
        
        Respiration
        
        Energy
        
        Elimination
        
        Nutrition
    - - Viruses
  - - - Interpret microscope slides or micrograms of cells
      - Describe the range of cells in a leaf section
      - Learn to use and care for a light microscope safely and properly
    - - Not for Micro (microorganisms)
        Just for macroscopic stuff
  - - - Observation: Making observations or asking questions about a specific phenomenon or problem.
      - Research: Gathering relevant information and conducting background research on the topic of interest.
      - Hypothesis: Formulating a testable explanation or prediction based on the observations and research.
      - Experiment: Designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis. This involves identifying variables, selecting appropriate controls, and collecting data.
      - Data Analysis: Analyzing the data collected during the experiment using statistical methods and other relevant techniques.
      - Conclusion: Drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the data and determining whether the results support or reject the hypothesis.
      - Communication: Sharing the findings, methodology, and conclusions through scientific reports, presentations, or other appropriate means.
      - Peer Review: Submitting the work for evaluation and feedback from other scientists in the field to ensure accuracy and validity.
      - Further Investigation: Identifying areas for further research or improvement in the experiment or hypothesis.
      - Question
- - - - Practical tools for scientists to communicate
      - Hierarchy of Biological Classification
        
        Domain
        
        Kingdom
        
        Phylum
        
        Class
        
        Order
        
        Family
        
        1 - Genus
        
        2 - Species
        
        Has 2 names
        Cannis lupus (perro)
      - Classification
        
        Grouping and naming organisms based on shared characteristics
      - Adaptations
        
        Behavioural adaptations
        
        Structural adaptations
      - Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
        
        Eukaryotes
        
        Animalia
        
        Plantae
        
        Fungi
        
        Protoctista
        
        Prokaryotes
        
        Bacteria
        
        Archaea
      - Species
        
        Organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
      - Binomial Nomenclature
        
        Two-name system
        
        Genus capitalized, originates from Latin
      - Dichotomous Keys
        
        Using and constructing keys to classify organisms or objects
- - - - radial symmetry
        
        Porifera
        
        cnidaria
        
        echinoderma
      - bilateral symmetry
        
        plathelminte
        
        annelida
        
        mollusca
        
        arthropoda
        
        crustacea
        
        arachnida
        
        insecta
        
        myriapoda
    - - cold blooded
        
        fish
        
        amphibians
        
        reptiles
      - warm blooded
        
        birds
        
        mammals
    - - Phylum
      - Class
      - Order
      - Family
      - Genus
      - Species
  - - - Vascular
        
        Seed bearing
        
        Angiosperms
        
        examples:
        
        Rose (Rosa): Roses are flowering plants known for their beautiful and fragrant blossoms. They belong to the Angiosperm phylum and the Rosaceae family. There are numerous species and cultivars of roses with various colors and forms.
        
        Sunflower (Helianthus annuus): Sunflowers are large, showy plants that belong to the Asteraceae family. They are characterized by their tall stems, large yellow flower heads, and edible seeds. Sunflowers are widely cultivated for their ornamental value and as a source of oil and food.
        
        Apple tree (Malus domestica): Apple trees are deciduous fruit-bearing trees that belong to the Rosaceae family. They produce the familiar apple fruits that come in various colors and flavors. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide for their delicious fruits, and they are an important crop in many regions.
        
        Grasses
        
        Gymnosperms
        
        examples:
        
        Pine tree (Pinus): Pine trees are coniferous gymnosperms that belong to the Pinaceae family. They are characterized by their needle-like leaves and woody cones. Pine trees are widely distributed and can be found in various habitats around the world. They are important timber sources and are also used for ornamental purposes.
        
        Cycad (Cycas): Cycads are ancient gymnosperms that have a palm-like appearance with large compound leaves. They belong to the Cycadaceae family and are known for their unique cone-like structures that contain the reproductive organs. Cycads are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions and are considered living fossils.
        
        Ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba): Ginkgo is a unique and distinct gymnosperm species that is the only surviving member of the Ginkgoaceae family. It is known for its fan-shaped leaves and its resistance to pests and diseases. Ginkgo trees are often planted in urban landscapes for their ornamental value, and their leaves are also used in herbal medicine.
        
        spore bearing
        
        have leaves
        
        examples:
        
        ferns
        
        don't have leaves
        
        examples:
        
        moss
      - Non vascular
        
        Algae
        
        Produce O2
        
        Moss
- - - - Eukaryotic Organisms
      - Heterotrophic Nutrition
      - Cell Wall Composition (Chitin)
    - - Mycelium
      - Hyphae
      - Fruiting Bodies (Mushrooms)
    - - Spore Formation
      - Asexual Reproduction (Budding)
      - Sexual Reproduction (Plasmogamy, Karyogamy)
    - - Mushrooms
        
        fungi in multiculular fruiting bodies
      - Molds
        
        fungi in multicelular fibers (hyphae)
      - Yeast
        
        fungi in unicelular
        
        Levaduras (para el pan)
    - - Decomposers
      - Symbiotic Relationships (Mycorrhizae, Lichens)
      - Parasitic Fungi
    - - Food Production (Bread, Cheese, Fermented Beverages)
      - Bioremediation
      - Role in Ecosystems (Nutrient Cycling)
    - - Penicillium
      - Aspergillus
      - Candida
      - Agaricus (Button Mushroom)
  - - - Eukaryotic Organisms
      - Single-Celled or Multi-Celled
      - Diverse Grouping
    - - Plant-like Protists (Algae)
        
        Green Algae
        
        Brown Algae
        
        Red Algae
      - Animal-like Protists (Protozoa)
        
        Amoebas
        
        Paramecia
        
        Euglenas
      - Fungus-like Protists (Slime Molds, Water Molds)
    - - Cell Structure
      - Flagella, Cilia, Pseudopods for Locomotion
      - Chloroplasts for Photosynthesis (in Plant-like Protists)
    - - Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission, Budding)
      - Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation, Syngamy)
    - - Primary Producers (Algae)
      - Decomposers
      - Parasitic Protists
      - Symbiotic Relationships (Mutualism, Commensalism)
    - - Food Source for Other Organisms
      - Oxygen Production (Photosynthesis)
      - Nutrient Cycling
    - - Amoeba
      - Paramecium
      - Euglena
      - Diatoms