Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Invention of the barbarian - Coggle Diagram
Invention of the barbarian
Greek unity
Leadership
Themistocles
Miltades
Leonidas
Eurybiades
Political System
Democracy
"Those who were content to be ruled must have little interest in politics,which was the opposite of the Greeks" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Oligarchy
Monarchy
Tyranny
"religion"
12 olympians
"Hesiod and Homer developed the ideas of the gods and gave them their form and character" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Alleged decent from gods or heroes
Spartan from Dorian race , Athenians from Ionians
festivals
Olympics
Sanctuaries
Delphi
Dadona
Asklepion
Cultural influence
Homer
Iliad - greeks/Achaeans unite to save Greek women from Troy
Odyssey - Odysseus (a greek general) turns down immorality in favour of returning to Greece
congress in corinth :
Polis sought to move past old resentment and discussed how to protect against persian invasion
Polis' voted to give control of land army and navy to Sparta
" 'what does it mean to be greek' was perhaps easiest answered by 'to not be barbarian' " - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Greek presentation of persia
Herodotus' histories
greek view
"to call the Athenians the saviour of greece is the truth - Herodotus
"we are greek, we share the same blood,the same language ,the same shrines of the gods and methods of sacrificing,the same customs" - Herodotus
Persian view
"Herodotus uses the term (barbarian) to describe the Persians although he considers the Persians capable of great deeds - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Medea - Euripides
visual sources
Bassae Frieze temple of apollo
red figure kylix - Greek vs persian painting
"they wear flamboyant, heavily patterned costumes" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
triptolemos painter,
5th century bce , national museum of scotland
Attic figure kylix - Achilles vs Penthesilea
lucanian bell krater - Achilles chasing Penthesilea
Southern frieze of temple of Athena Nike
depiction of a battle between the Greeks and the persians by a greek sculptor , 5th century BCE , British museum
persian wars depicted in similar ways to the battle of Gigantomachy , Amazonomachy and battle against centars showing the Persians on an unhuman level due to their barbarainism and lack of civilisation
Attic figure bell krater - Herakles vs the Amazons
6th century BCE , o.g location - southern italy , current location - Museo Civico , Arezzo (Italian Museum)
Persian - Aeschylus
"although there are notable exceptions barbarians in tragedy are 'emotional, stupid, cruel, subservient or cowardly" - Edith hall
Xerxes excessive grief over salamis defeat
Persian chorus seem cowardly and unwilling to give opinions
Barbarian image
Homer - use of "barbarophonoi" in the iliad once to describe the Carian People - tribe who didn't speak greek
Women
"There as strong persian women.. whom emerge from or reject the domestic sphere" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Atossa
Medea
Artemisia
"there is a barbarian in all humans and the greeks used the laws and customs of their civilisation to control these impulses - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
The Amazons
Reality of Persia
visual sources
site of Persepolis (gates of all nations)
Gold gryffin armlets (Oxus treasure)
Statue of naked youth
Tomb of Cyrus
Cyrus cylinder
Statue of Darius
rock relief in bistia (9 liar kings)
Lapis Lazuli Prince head
Silver Rhyton
achievements in society
Royal road
standardised weights
standardised coinage
Persian kings
Darius (died 486 bce)
Xerxes (died 465 bce)
way of life examples (from Herodotus book 1)
no temples and statues due to not having anthropomorphic gods
do not make offerings at altars
celebrate birthdays lavishly
discuss important decisions twice (once drunk , once sober)
"they consider themselves superior to every other race but are keen to take on other customs"
greek dis-unity
"any unified actions was compromised by deep-seated resentments between polis" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Sparta v Argos for principle power in pelopense
Spartan v Athens
Thebans v Athens for helping platea in war
medising states
congress in corinth agreed on stiff penalties for any medising state
Thessaly
Boeotia
Dolopia
Ainis
Perrhaebi
Locrians
Magnesia
Malians
Argos (however little evidence to support it)
"Greece was not unified in the defence of persia. for all the athenian talk of greatness against the barbarian threat , many poleis including athens sought to use the persian invasion to improve their own standing" - Mitropoulos/Snook/Thorley
Persian war
battle of marathon 490 BCE
Ionian revolts + burning of Sardis
Battle of Thermopylae 480 BCE
Battle of Artemisium 480 BCE
Battle of Salamis 480 BCE
Battle pf Plataea 479 BCE