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Interviews - Coggle Diagram
Interviews
STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
Positivists // scientific // quantitative // closed ended questions // answers can be classified, countered and quantified // allows researchers to identify patterns, produce genralisations and cause-and-effect statements
ADVANTAGES
Reliability - every responce is measured in the same way // using the same set of questions each time means it is replicable
Representativeness - quick to conduct so more people can be interviewed so more likely to produce representative results - allows the researcher to make genralisations. also have a higher response rate.
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Limited 'interviewer effect' - contact is limited to asking and responding to a set list of questions.
DISADVANTAGES
Lack of validity - Not free of interviewer effect, interviewee could interpret interviewers characteristics in ways that can effect their response // Hard to know if theyre being truthful // questions can be up for interpretation and theres a limit to how much the interviewer can explain // Fixed-response can prevent participants from saying how they feel reduces therefore reduces validity
Reliability - interviewer effect, even thought the questions are the same, each interviewer has different characteristics and settings vary thus not 100% repeatable
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Sensitive issues - asking questions in a deadpan manner can be off-putting and not useful when investigating a sensative issue where rapport is useful.
Feminists argue that structured methods are patriarchal as the female interviewee isn't in control, making it different for them to express their feelings
UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW
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Interpretivists - seek to discover meanings / need valid and quali data. // oportunity to speak openly about the subject.
Validity - the rapport built up allows the interviewee to open up. This helps because of the full honest responses // Flexible, other issues bought up can be followed up - probing deeper // the more detailed response, the greater likelihood of greater understanding.
DISADVANTAGES
Is validity achieved?
The closer interviewer-interviewee bond may increase the chance of respondent seeking to please the interviewer - social desirability bias
Issue with what to do with the exsessive amounts of data it produces. - The researchers own perspectives may distort the interviewees meanings
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Lack of representativeness - long time to complete and therefore cant study a large group of people - limited genralisations
Unsuited for sensative issues - some people may prefer to fill out a anonymous questionnaire instead
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Relevance - interviewees minds could wander and they could go off topic - if the interviewer wants to try and redirect the conversation its risks loosing validity and waste time and data.
Group Interviews - large group unstructured interview - while this can help jog peoples memories, people may produce conformist answers