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Biomedical engineering - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Voluntary
      - Slow or fast
      - Not rhythmic
      - Striated, long, cylindrical multinucleate cells
  - - - Osteoprosis
      - Arthritis
    - - 90% collagen
        
        If collagen is removed, bone becomes too brittle
      - 5% noncollagenous proteins
        
        If mineral is removed, bone is too bendable
      - 2% lipids
      - Water
    - - Cancellous (spongy) bone
      - Cortical (compact) bone
    - - Fibrous joints - no movement
      - Cartilaginous joints - slight movement
      - Synovial joints - free movement
  - - - Chemically gated
      - Voltage gated
      - Mechanically gated
  - - - Parietal pericardium
      - (1) Visceral pericardium
      - (2) Myocardium
      - (3) Endocardium
    - - Pulmonary circulation
      - Systemic circulatioon
- - - - Cardiovascular system
        
        Ciculatory system
        
        Vascular resistance
  - - - Soft robotics
      - Brain computer interface (eg. deep brain stimulation)
      - Implants
      - Neonatal intensive care
- - - - Sleep drive
      - Sleep pressure
    - - Transition between wake and sleep (5%)
      - Light sleep (45%)
      - Slow-wave sleep or deep sleep (25%)
      - REM (25%)
    - - Sleep efficiency = time asleep/time in bed
      - Longer sleep latency
- - - - Australian Department of Health
      - FDA
      - Technical Inspection Association (TIA)
    - - 510(k)
- - - - Continuous droplet PCR
- - - - Implantable bionic that helps individuals with facial paralysis blink
      - Cochlear implants
        
        Helps treat hearing loss
      - Implantable EEG signals
        
        Helps predict epileptic seizures
  - - - Helps reduce tremours, act as pain relief, increase memory, and aid fine motor skills
- - - - Management responsibility
      - Design control
      - Training
      - Servicing
      - Corrective and preventative action
      - Internal quality audits
- - - - Image reconstruction is used to take the cross-sectional images of the object density to form one whole image
    - - Used to image function (eg. metabolism, kidney function, drug interactions, etc.)
  - - - Stereotactic frame
      - Surgical fixations
    - - Thermo-plastic mask
      - Sedation/anaesthesia
      - Paralysis
    - - Excluding corrupted data
      - Image registration - image alignment
      - Gating - group data collected at regular time intervals
      - Deconvolution (de-blurring)
      - Data-driven approaches - estimating motion and fixing the corrupted data
      - Event-by-event compensation
- - - - Convert image stacks into a virtual replica
      - Combine with CAD model
    - - Scan region of interest
      - Obtain material properties for tissues and implants
      - Estimate expected loads
    - - Generate appropriate mesh
      - Characterise interaction between anatomy and prosthesis
      - Verify simulation results and design
- - - - provides mechanical support
      - Composed of many cross linked proetins and biopolymers
      - Regulates biological functions
    - - Metals
      - Bioceramics
      - Polymers
      - Biocomposites
      - Biologically derived materials
  - - - Natural biomaterials
        
        Collagen
        
        Silk
        
        Gelatin
      - Synthetic biomaterials
        
        Poly ethylene glycol
        
        Poly vinyl alcohol
        
        Poly capro lactone