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Chapter4: General features of cells - Coggle Diagram
Chapter4: General features of cells
cell structure
Prokaryotes
Simple structure, no nucleus. Two categories: Bacteria, Archaea.
Eukaryotes
complex structure, have DNA in the nucleus, and internal membranes form organelles. Examples are plant cells and Animal cells
Cytosol
A region in eukaryotic cells that is outside the cell organelles, and it is the site of metabolic pathways.
Nucleus
It is the genetic center of the cell, it contains chromosomes which are complexes of DNA and proteins, the nucleolus is making the rRNA
Endomembrane system
Network of membranes enclosing the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and peroxisomes and all these components are connected by vesicles.
Semiautonomous organelles
Like Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, they contain their own DNA and they can grow and reproduce themselves, they depend on the cell for the synthesis of their internal components.
Protein Sorting to Organelles
Cotranslational sorting
Sorting proteins during their synthesizing in the cytosol and involve sorting signals. Sorting proteins for ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane,
and secreted proteins
Post-translational sorting
Sorting proteins after their synthesizing in the cytosol for nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
and peroxisomes