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Properties of carbon Allotropic nature of Carbon - Coggle Diagram
Properties of carbon
Allotropic nature of Carbon
Crystalline forms
Graphite
Properties
Black, soft, brittle and slippery
Good conductor of electricity
Layered structure
Density of graphite is 1.9 to 2.3 g/ml
Graphite does not dissolve in most solvents.
Uses
Making lubricants
Making carbon electrodes
pencils for writing
paints and polish
arc lamps which give a very bright light
Structure
Every carbon atom in graphite is bonded to three other carbon atoms in such a way that a hexagonal layered structure is formed
Fullerene
Properties
found in the form of buckyballs and buckytubes
There are 30 to 900 carbon atoms in one molecule of a fullerene.
Soluble in organic solvents such as carbon disulphide, chlorobenzene
Uses
insulators
catalyst in
water purification
At a certain temperature fullerene
exhibits superconductivity
Diamond
Properties
hardest
natural substance
density of diamond is 3.5 g/ml
does not dissolve in any
solvent.
Acids/bases have no effect on diamond
bad conductor of electricity
Uses
glass cutting and rock drilling machines
Ornaments
Eye surgery
For polishing other diamonds
Make windows
Structure
every carbon atom is bonded to four neighboring atoms by covalent bonds
Regular and definite arrangement of atoms
High melting points and boiling points.
Definite geometrical shape, sharp edges and plane surfaces.
Allotropy - Chemical properties
of the different forms are the same but their physical properties are different
Non-crystalline / Amorphous forms
The arrangement of carbon atoms in this form is not regular
Coal
Types
Bituminous coal
Bituminous coal is formed as the third step of formation of coal. It contains 70 to 90% of carbon.
Anthracite
Anthracite is known as the pure form of coal. This coal is hard and contains about 95% of carbon.
Lignite
Second step of the formation of coal. Peat is transformed into Lignite due to increased pressure and temperature inside the earth. It contains 60 to 70% of carbon.
Peat
First step in the formation of coal. It contains a high proportion of water and less than 60% of carbon.
Uses
fuel in factories and homes.
obtain coke, coal gas and coal tar.
thermal power plants for generation of electricity.
purification of water and organic material.
Charcoal
formed by combustion of wood in an insufficient supply of air.
Coal is a fossil fuel. It contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It also contains nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. It occurs in the solid state.
Coke
Uses
as domestic fuel.
used as a reducing agent.
production of aeriform fuel such as water gas and producer gas
The pure coal that remains when coal gas has been taken away from coal