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C5 Chemical changes - Coggle Diagram
C5 Chemical changes
Reactivity of metals
metal oxides
explain
reduction
and
oxidation
of metals in terms of
loss
or
gain of oxygen
metals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides
the reactivity series
when metals react with other substances the metal atoms form
positive ions
. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions.
explain how the reactivity of metals with water or dilute acids is
related to the tendency of the metal to form its positive ion
write out the order of the reactivity series
a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound
recall and describe the reactions, if any, of
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
and
copper
with
water
or
dilute acids
and where appropriate, to place these metals in order of reactivity
how can carbon be used in displacement reactions?
extraction of metals and reduction
unreactive metals such as gold are found in the Earth as the metal itself but most metals are found as compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal
how are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from metal oxides?
what
oxidation
and
reduction
in terms of
electrons
?
write
two
half equations for the following-
Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) > Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s)
oxidation half equation (losing electrons)
reduction half equation (gaining electrons)
displacement reactions
a
more reactive
metal will displace a
less reactive
metal from an aqueous solution of ones of its salts.
which of the following will result in a reaction? If a reaction is predicted, write a word and balanced symbol equation
iron + zinc sulphate
zinc + copper sulphate
magnesium + iron (II) chloride
ionic equations show only the atoms and ions that are
changed
in the reaction
magnesium + copper (II) sulphate > magnesium sulphate + copper
write a balanced symbol equation
write an ionic equation
Reactions of acids
reactions of acids with metals
metals + acid > salt + hydrogen
identify which species are
oxidised
(lose electrons) and which are
reduced
(gain electrons) for the following reactions by writing the
half equations
magnesium
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
zinc
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
iron
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
neutralisation of acids and salt production
acid + base > salt + water (+ carbon dioxide if the base is a carbonate)
sulphuric acid > sulphates
hydrochloric acid > chlorides
nitric acid > nitrates
use the formulae of common ions to deduce the formulae of salts (salts are made up from positive metal ions, and a negative ion from an acid)
write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and iron (III) oxide
soluble salts
Required practical activity 8:
preparation of a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide or carbonate, using a Bunsen burner to heat dilute acid and a water bath or electric heater to evaporate the solution
method for preparing copper sulphate from copper nitrate and sulphuric acid
soluble salts can be made from acids by reacting them with solid insoluble substances, such as metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
the pH scale and neutralisation
describe the use of universal indicator or a wide range indicator to measure the approximate pH of a solution
Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions
Aqueous solutions of alkalis contain hydroxide ions (OH–)
what is the pH scale?
Strong and weak acids
strong acids
what is a strong acid?
examples
weak acids
what is a weak acid?
examples
as the pH decreases by one unit, what happens to the H+ concentration?