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processing and analysing data (chp 3.3) - Coggle Diagram
processing and analysing data (chp 3.3)
how to process and analyse quantitative data
measures of
frequency
counts
total no. of times something occurs
percentage
proportion of something, expressed as a fraction out of 100
calculated using: data/total data x 100%
measures of
central tendency
choose based on diff conditions
mean
sum of all values in the data set divided by no. of values in the data set
advantage
it includes every value in the data set and no data is left out to show its central location
disadvantage
it is subjected to the influence of outliers, which can skew it, and thus not provide the central location
median
middle value for a set of data that has been arranged in ascending order
advantage
less affected by outliers
disadvantage
not as sensitive as mean in showing the central location in a data set
mode
most frequent value in a data set
advantages
useful for categorical data like diff forms of transport (e.g. car is most frequent mode of transport) and is not affected by outliers
disadvantage
not useful for continuous data (e.g. temp. over course of day) as there may be 2 or more values that share highest frequency
how qualitative data from mental maps are processed and analysed
they are processed to verify how well they represent the real world and examine mapper's sense of place
we can analyse how well the maps represent reality and how features and labels are added & examine how memories of experiences are represented on maps and described during interview
aspects and analyse
centering and borders
features drawn at centre capture attention and might signal greater importance than those drawn at borders (may not represent reality)
scale of map elements
comparing scale of features within map and with reality can provide insights into mapper's familiarity and activity within space
larger features could indicate greater familiarity and more frequent activity (may not represent reality)
labelling
annotated places indicate familiarity. the content and choice of words, +ve or -ve, used provide info on mapper's knowledge and emotions of the places experienced
colours, legends and symbols
colours can differentiate places and convey emotions. legend may be included to explain symbols the mapper used. symbols like hearts convey personal experiences or info about places, like a fav or important location
perspective and orientation
perspectives: aerial view capture larger area with less details while street view capture small area with greater details. how places are oriented in relation to surroundings reveals mapper's experiences. a important place could be depicted closer to their home
other features
paths, nodes, intersections may be added to show mapper's personal history like a route that was often taken
we can compare actual maps to mental maps to analyse differences or inaccuracies portrayed. features can appear as distortions, mislabellings and mislocations which are key in understanding factors that influence mapper's perceived space.
further verification can be made through open-ended questions. they can be asked why some places are prominent and others are absent or ignored
how relationships and patterns can be examined
analysing requires: explain and interpret observable patterns and relationships. done by identifying:
relationships and patterns from
scatter plots and best-fit lines
to determine if there is a relationship between 2 variables
independent
variable doesn't change while
dependent
does
if there is a +ve
correlation
, a +ve
best-fit line
can be drawn through most of the data on the plot. this means an increasing no. and vice versa
there may be 1 or a few
outliers
that don't fit the pattern of the plot so it is important to examine the causes of outliers and determine if they should be included in the data analysis
there is no relationship if data is distributed in no observable pattern that it's impossible to draw a best-fit line
recognisable geometric shapes, clusters and repetitions
patterns and relationships can emerge by identifying recognisable geometric shapes, clusters and repetitions, and analysing differences and similarities.
common approach is finding what is common or popular among participants
repetitions or clusters of labellings, geometric shapes or drawn features may indicate popularity and prominence
their absence could indicate unfamiliarity and a lack of interaction within the space