Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
USA Government policy's to tackle Inequality - Coggle Diagram
USA Government policy's to tackle Inequality
Economic
economic policy's tackle poverty + unemployment
Affirmative Action
created in 1960's to tackle racial work place inequalities
over the years its expanded to cover gender, disability, nationality
requires employers to aim for a racially balanced workforce to reflect the local population to give the people equal chances of success +make up for past discrimination
it is incentivised with valuable government contracts
effectiveness = yes
in 1960's 55% blacks and 44% Hispanics were in poverty whereas in 2018 only 20% blacks and 17% Hispanics are in poverty = halved poverty in 60 years due to increasing employment opportunity's for racial minority's
2017 Tax Cuts and Job Act
created by Donald Trump in 2017
reduced tax cuts for middle class Americans, elimiated tax loopholes + deducations
reduced business taxes so employers could create more jobs + raise wages
also created opportunity zones
opportunity zones = tax incentives to companies that invest long term in low income areas to reduce poverty.
was it successful?
yes = in 3 years (2020) 9000 oppurtunity zones were made + 6.7 million jobs
overall effectiveness = yes, Affirmative Action halved poverty in the last 60 years + created jobs for people from all backgrounds + Tax cuts and Jobs act helped make millions of new jobs in just 3 years and improve low income areas
Educational
educational policy's aim to reduce racial + wealth inequality's within the Education system + narrow the attainment gap between these groups.
2015 Every Student Succeeds Act
made by Obama
designed to improve the education system from preschool to highschool
help the most disadvantaged/ high need kids
require all students to be taught to high academic standards that prep them for uni/ careers
create positive change in the lowest performing schools
increase access to high quality pre-school
effective = in 2000, only 72% blacks, 52% hispanics and 83% whites grad highschool whereas in 2018 3 years after its creation 90% whites, 87% blacks and 71% hispanics finished highschool = increases in all areas
2009 recovery and reinvestment act
Made by Obama
invested $140 billion into education
$30 billion of that was invested into making uni affordable to low income students
gives out awards
gives tutition tax cut credits, up to $10k in fees for students from family's on less than $180k a year
invested into other areas of education including renovating schools and reinventing the system
effective = college grads increased.
in 2000 26% whites, 14% blacks and 10% hispanics and 44% Asians had college degrees whereas in 2018, 35% whites, 56% asians, 25% blacks and 18% Hispanics have degrees = increase in all groups, and blacks and hispanics nearly doubling in degrees
Overall, educational policy's were effective = highschool and college graduates are up + minority numbers in college have nearly doubled.
Health
2010 Affordable care act AKA "Obamacare"
created to be a "comprehensive reform that improves access to affordable health coverage for everyone and protect consumers from abusive insurance company practices"
key features
Insurance companies cannot deny you coverage because of a pre-existing condition
more affordable policys
health insurance company's cannot cancel your policy if you get sick
all health insurance plans must include basic preventative care e.g. annual checkups, contraception, routine screenings etc
effective = yes
record low number of uninsured people down to 28 million non elderly Americans compared to 46.5 million in 2010
Medicaid and Medicare
medicaid = poorest working age people are given help by government to access healthcare
helped 76 million people in 2018 blacks and Hispanics made up half of all recipients in 2018
Medicare = people over 65 + some disabled people get treatment paid by the gov through medicare
2018 = 60 million people
both policy's made in 1965 to provide healthcare to Americas most vulnerable
effective = yes helps over 100 million people in 2018 who wouldn't be able to afford healthcare without it
effective overall = yes, record high people insured all ethnic groups have between 82-94% insured.
people now have access to neccessary preventative care + people can access care that they can't afford otherwise