In the free market, “efficiency,” the rationale for many structural changes, including in agriculture, does not account for the many costs that are externalized, or not part of the financial equation, such as impacts on natural resources or public health. Such externalities – for example, cleaning water so that it is drinkable or the cost of treating diabetes – amount to very real costs that someone ends up paying for. And more often than not, these costs are paid by the taxpayers, or by communities suffering from the impacts of these problems. Industrial agriculture would not be profitable for agricultural corporations and would not produce food that was so cheap for the consumer if corporations had to pay all of these costs. A 2005 study estimated $10 billion in environmental and societal costs (including public health impacts, ecosystem losses, pollinator problems and more) just from the US reliance on pesticides; the agriculture industry would look quite different if pesticide companies and users were responsible for these costs. 11