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biological molecules Lecture 6, DNA - Coggle Diagram
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DNA
The two key natural nucleic acids
- deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)
- ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A nucleotide comprises three components:
- a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
- Phosphodiester bonds link the phosphate groups of neighbouring nucleotides
- DNA the sugar is deoxyribose
- RNA the sugar is ribose
In DNA the nitrogenous bases.
In RNA the nitrogenous bases:
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- uracil (instead of thymine)
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Complementary base pairing
- via hydrogen bonds leads to the double helix structure.
- with sugar and phosphate groups on the outside (hydrophilic)
- nitrogenous bases on the inside (hydrophobic)
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The three characteristic secondary structures exhibited by proteins:
- Alpha-helix,
- the beta-sheet,
- the beta- turn
(stabilised by hydrogen bonding between peptide bonds
of different amino acids).
residues favour the formation of different secondary structures
A molecule’s tertiary structure describes : - secondary structural element fold into distinct three- dimensional arrangements
- dependent on R group functionality**.
- hydrophobic
- hydrophilic, disulphide bridges, salt bridges
The quaternary structure describes
- the way multiple individual molecules associate to form a larger complex