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life after death - Coggle Diagram
life after death
election
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judgement day
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scholars
general
Calvin - the dead are conscious while they await judgement day, either in bliss or agony
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scholars
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Karl Barth - election for all who believe in Christ - 'There is no condemnation, for those that are in Christ Jesus
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heaven
scholars
Hick's eschatological verification - we will be able to prove the existence of heaven by the end of time - parable of the celestial city
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Biblical view
'what no human has conceived, the things that God has prepared for those who love him' - 1 Corinthians
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Christian ideas
the Beatific vision
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Aquinas - soul is located somewhere after death + reunited with glorified body (out telos + the beatific vision)
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hell
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it's physical
Dante's inferno - hell is a physical, mental and spiritually dysfunctional state - created at JC's death - antithesis to heaven - develops 9 circles of hell
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it's not physical
Paul Tillich - 'heaven + hell.. metaphors for the polar ultimates in the experience of the divine' - it isn't a place but a 'state of being'
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Biblical view
'the cowardly, the faithless, murderous, sexually immoral.. will burn in sulphur' - Revelation - physical?
issues
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Hick - hell is inconceivable - incompatible with omnibenevolent God - postulated universalism - hell is simply social control
purgatory
scholars
Jerry Walls - the inhabitants of heaven must be wholly transformed so they can no longer sin (immutable)
Gregory of Nyssa - purgatory aligns with God's omnibenevolences - when purification occurs the better attributed of the soul appear
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Origen - purgatory is experienced over 'many worlds' - soul is perfected and developed over this process
Dante - purgatory is a place for souls who believe in Christ + have repented - all wrongful desires + actions are 'purged' - positive process - described as a mountain who's summit is the Beatific vision
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Biblical view
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'whoever speaks a word against the son of man will be forgiven.. either in this age or the age to come' - Matthew 12: 32
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'he made atonement for the dead, that they might be delivered from their sin' - 2 Maccabees 12
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Hick's universalism
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issues
undermines JC's purpose -> Hick's response - notion that all are granted salvation is more in line with his teachings
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resurrection
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scholars
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John Polkinghorne
the human soul is like a computer code, complex + unique so God can recreate it at the resurrection of the dead
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the afterlife
the soul body dichotomy - a person is made of body and soul - soul can survive the death process it's the repository of self
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