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1.ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
Absolutism: France under Louis XIV
In 17th century
The authoritarian monarchies of some kingdoms
Developed into absolute monarchies
Permanent army of professional soldiers, under the orders of the king
A royal treasury able to raise revenue
Growing centralisation of political and administrative decisions in the royal courts and the monarchy’s governmental bodies
Marginalisation of the courts and parliaments of the estates of the realm
Ideology defending the king’s supremacy over all others
Most representative example of an absolute monarchy
Louis XIV of France
The parliamentary system in England
Stuart dynasty tried to disassociate itself from Parliament
causing the English Civil War (1642–1651)
Parlamientary army won
Led by Oliver Cromwell
Republic was declared under Cromwell’s dictatorial leadership
Charles was executed
When Cromwell died
House of Stuart returned to the throne
James II became king
New confrontation with the Parliament
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Bill of Rights (1689)
Limited the monarch’s power
recognised the rights of the individual
