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01 ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
1 ABSOLUTISM: FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV
Throughout the 17th
some authoritarian monarchies
developed absolute monarchies
Absolute Monarchies
the king had
absolute power
main proponents:
Thomas Hobbes
Jacques Bossuet
Characteristics:
permanent army (professional soldiers)
royal treasury
growing centralisation of
administrative decisions
political
king’s supremacy
marginalisation:
parliaments
courts
courts and parliaments of kingdoms
sometimes resistant
to the absolutism
This rivalry
resulted submitting to a pact
favourably for the monarchy
= victory for absolutism.
Louis XIV of France
took place fronade:
series of civil wars
absolute monarchy
ordered the construction
Royal Palace of Versailles
royal court would be based
2 THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN ENGLAND
Unlike the French system
monarch’s power was controlled
by courts and parliaments
in England,
protect against the absolutist pretensions
Stuart dynasty tried to
disassociate itself from Parliament :
causing the English Civil War
After the victory of
the Parliamentarian army
Charles I was executed
When Cromwell died
tried to impose absolutism
new confrontation
Glorious Revolution
James II became king
James II was overthrown
Mary II and William III
become the kings
monarchs had been selected by Parliament
English Constitutional monarchy
Monarch
appointed the goverment
submited laws for approval
called Parliament into session
directed foreing policy
Head of state
controlled the Church of England
Parliament
approved new taxes
controlled goverment duties
approved laws
submited complaints to the monarchs
controlled the monarch
