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Absolutism and the Parlamentary System, Changes in the 17th century, The…
Absolutism and the Parlamentary System
Absolutism: France under Louis XIV
Troughout 17th century authoritarian Monarchies became Absolute Monarchies
Jacques Bossuet
"kings had divine right to power"
Thomas Hobbes
"Pact between subjects and monarchy to guarantee peace and stability
Absolute monarchies
permanent and professional army
royal and reliable treasury
Growing centralisation in mostly every political zone
marginalisation of the states of the realm
Defends kings supremacy to rule
France under Louis XIV
the Fronde took place
A series of civil wars between parliaments and the king
The parlamentary system in England
In other countries that weren't France, monarchs were less powerful
Like Venice or The Dutch Republic
But in England the Stuart dynasty tried to be and absolute monarchy
Idea that led to a civil war (1642-1651)
The Parlamentary army won under Oliver Cromwell who installed a dictatorship.
And when Cromwell died the Stuart monarchy returned with James II
And he also tried to impose absolutism
This led to another confrontation and finaly the Glorious Revolution (1688)
James II was overthrown and his daughter Mary II was made Queen
Changes in the 17th century
Population
Wars
The thirty years war + barious civil wars
Epidemics
Previous factors helped plague to spread
Poor harvests
resulted in famines
Poor hygiene
There weren't medical services
Society
social unrest and popular revolts
There where revolts against military conscription and the fiscal policy
Confiscation of goods from the peasants by the noblemen led to large peasant revolts
Tax revolts made food riots, people didn't have to eat and nobles expected them to pay taxes
The fight for EUROPEAN DOMINANCE
The thirty years war
From 1618 to 1648, it started because Fernando II restricted some protestants
The conflict was between Catholic and protestants
France was involved in the war, but supporting the protestants
Defenestration of Prague
The Peace of Westphalia in 1648
end of the war
Peace of the Pyrenees 1659
Peace between France and Spain
The French dominance
Second half of the 17th century, Louis XIV, period of French dominance
Coincided with implementation of absolutism
This why coalitions against France were created
