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ABSOLUTISM AND THE END OF HISPANIC DOMINANCE
1. ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
Absolutism: France under Louis XIV
17th century: authoritarian monarchies -> absolute monarchies (king had power over everything).
Main proponents:
Jacques Bossuet
Thomas Hobbes
Absolute monarchies:
Defend the king's supremacy.
Growing centralisation
Permanent army under the king's orders.
Royal treasury.
Marginalisation of the courts and parliaments.
1. ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
The courts and parliaments of kingdoms -> Resisted to absolutism.
Or sometimes in a fight.
If the monarchy win -> victory for absolutism.
It ended in a pact.
Louis XIV of France (absolute monarch).
During his reign the Fronde (series of civil wars) took place.
Fronde: nobility vs. king (the king won)
Created Versailles -> A palace where the royal court would be based.
Governed through a system of councils.
2. THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN ENGLAND
In England, the Stuart dinasty wanted an absolute monarchy.
They caused the English Civil War (1642–1651).
The Parliamentarian army win (Oliver Cromwell).
Cromwell died and the Stuart dinasty returned, with James II the king.
This caused the Glorious Revolution (1688).
The Stuarts were overthrown, Mary and William III of Orange became kings
2. THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN ENGLAND
English constitutional monarchy
Monarch
Head of state/ - Called parliament/ - Appointed/ - Submitted laws/ - Foreign policy/ - Controlled the church.
Parliament
Controlled the monarchs/ - Approved laws and new taxes/ - controlled duties/ - Submitted complaints.
